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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Axial: Spine And Abdominal Region > Flashcards

Axial: Spine And Abdominal Region Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What are the distinguishing features of typical cervical vertebra?

A

Small Body
Unicate processes, uncovertebral joints
Bifid Spinous Processes (C3-C6)
Transverse Foramen (Space for vertebral artery C6-C1)

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2
Q

What are distinguishing factors of C1?

A

Lacks body
Lacks Disc
-Two arches (ant/post)
-Concave articular facets

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3
Q

What are the distinguishing factors of C2?

A

Lacks Disc
Large articular surface
Odontoid Process (Dens)
First Spinous Process

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4
Q

What are distinguishing features of the thoracic spine?

A

Bodies are taller and broader
SP are longer and angled inferior
TP are angled posterior

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5
Q

Ribs articulate with what region of the spine?

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

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6
Q

Where are articular facets located on the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Articular facets are on the transverse processes and the body

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7
Q

True or False: All thoracic vertebrae have costal facets and transverse process?

A

False, T11 and T12 do not have transverse process.

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8
Q

What are distinguishing features of Lumbar vertebrae?

A

Largest bodies

Thick Spinous Processes

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9
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage end plates in the spine?

A

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage between bone and intervertebral disc

-Allow diffusion of nutrients between bone and disc without allowing bulging of nucleus into the body

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10
Q

Characteristics of intervertebral discs

A
  • Cartilaginous joint
  • Made of fibrocartilage
  • Serves as a shock absorber
  • No disc between C0 (OccipItal Bone) -C1 and C1-C2
  • 20-33% total height of the spine
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11
Q

True or False: Thickness of intervertebral disc increases cranially

A

False, Thickness increases caudally

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12
Q

Rank the greatest amount mobility within regions of the spine.

What allows for this mobility?

A

Cervical -> Lumbar-> Thoracic

Relative thickness of disc affects mobility of spine

  • Height of disc/height of vertebrae
  • Larger ratio allows for more mobility
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13
Q

What structures make up the intervertebral disc?

A

1) Nucleus pulposus
- Gelatinous Core
- Contents: collagen, elastin, and highly hydrated proteoglycan gel
2) Anulus Fibrosus
- Outer Layer (Lamellae): concentric sheets of type I collagen fibers oriented in opposite directions 120 degrees from each other. Allows for high tensile forces
- Inner Layer: Type I collagen fibers. Attach to the hyaline cartilage endplate of adjacent vertebra

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14
Q

What kind of force does the intervertebral disc resist?

A

Axial Compression

-Polposus pushes anulus fibrosus laterally with compressional force

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15
Q

How many facets are on a vertebra?

A

4

(2) Superior articular processes and facets
(2) Inferior articular processes and facets

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16
Q

Where do you expect to find more mobile facet joints?

A

Facet joints are more mobile in C/S because capsule is more lax

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17
Q

Which region of the spine is FLEXION limited?

Where is ROTATION limited?

A

1) T/S

2) L/S

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18
Q

What makes up the Atlanto-occipital joint (AO)? What kind of a joint is this?

A

C0 (Occiput) and C1 (Atlas)
-Occipital Condyles and Superior articular surface of atlas
Synovial, Condyloid Joint

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19
Q

What makes up the Atlanto-axial joint (AA)? What kind of a joint is this?

A

Between C1-C2

Synovial, uniaxial joint

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20
Q

1) What ribs are considered costochondral joints?
2) What ribs are considered true ribs? Why are they called true ribs?
3) What ribs are considered false ribs? Why are they called false ribs?
4) What ribs are considered floating ribs? Why are they called floating ribs?

A

1) Ribs 1-10
2) Sternocostal Ribs 1-7, These ribs have direct attachments to sternum
3) Ribs 8-10, These ribs join rib 7 cartilage
4) Ribs 11-12, no anterior articulation

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21
Q

What is the difference between Costochondral joints and Sternocostal joints?

Study These Flashcards
A

Costochrondal: (1-10)

  • Joining a rib to its hyaline cartilage
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synchondroses
  • Tightly Fused

Sternocostal: (1-7)

  • Between sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs
  • Synovial (2-7)
  • Joint 1 is cartilaginous, synchondrosis (synarthrosis)
22
Q

What are the name of the articulations between posterior ribs and vertebrae?

Study These Flashcards
A

Costotransverse & costovertebral

23
Q

Which Rib(s) have ONLY 1 costovertebral joint articulation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Ribs 1 to T1
Rib 11 to T11
Rib 12 to T12

24
Q

True or False: Each rib articulates with its respective vertebral transverse process.

Study These Flashcards
A

False, Ribs 11 and 12 do not have costotransverse joints

25
The costotransverse involves the articulation of: A) Head of rib with spinous process B) Conoid tubercle with transverse costal facet C) Head of rib with transverse costal facet D) Conoid Tubercle to superior articulating facets
B) Conoid Tubercle with transverse costal facet
26
Describe the movement of the ribs during respiration?
Ribs move up and out like a bucket handle
27
What movement does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit? Does it serve any other function?
- Limits hyperextension | - Reinforces anterior anulus fibrosus
28
What movement does the posterior longitudinal ligament limit?
Limits Flexion
29
Ligamentum Flava limits which movement?
Limits Flexion
30
Which of the following is a continuous ligament of the spine? A) Interspinous Ligament B) Intertransverse Ligament C)Supraspinous Ligament
C) Supraspinous Ligament
31
Which two membranes of the C/S are a continuation with the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament?
- Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane | - Anterior atlanto-axial membrane
32
True or False: The tectorial membrane is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament
True | Tectorial membrane C2-Occiput
33
Which of the following is NOT a continuation of ligamentum flavum? A) Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane B) Posterior occipital-axial membrane C) Posterior atlanto-axial membrane
B) Posterior occipital-axial
34
Where can you find the ligamentum nuchae along the spine? | What is it’s main function?
C7-Skull | Helps keep C/S extended
35
The Cruciform Ligaments are made of what two structures?
``` Transverse Ligament: -Atlas to Atlas -Supports dens Longitudinal fascicles: -Occiput to axis ```
36
Where is the location of the alar ligaments? What is their function?
- Proximal lateral dens to the occiput | - Allows rotation of occiput with C1 and C2
37
``` Which of the following is considered a costovertebral ligament? A) Radiate Ligament B) Ligamentum Flava C) Supraspinous Ligament D) Cosotransverse Ligament ```
A) Radiate Ligament
38
What are the 3 costotransverse ligaments?
``` Superior costotransverse ligament -Costal neck to superior TP Lateral costotransverse ligament -Posterior to tubercle Proper costotransverse ligament -Head and neck to tubercle ```
39
What structures of the spine prevent flexion?
Posterior longitudinal ligament Supraspinous ligament Interspinous ligament Ligamentum Flavum
40
What structures of the spine prevent extension?
- Anterior longitudinal ligament | - Spinous processes
41
What factors affect movement at spine?
- Size and compressibility of intervertebral discs - Tightness of joint capsules - Orientation of facet joints - Muscle and ligament function - Articulations with thoracic cage - Limitations imposed by increasing age
42
How many muscles layers of the back are there?
5: - Extrinsic Superficial - Extrinsic Deep - Intrinsic Superficial - Intrinsic Intermediate - Intrinsic Deep
43
What are the extrinsic superficial muscles of the back?
Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Rhomboids Levator Scapulae
44
What are the extrinsic deep muscles of the back?
Serratus Posterior Superior | Serratus Posterior Inferior
45
What are the Intrinsic Superficial muscles of the back?
Splenius Capitus | Splenius Cervicis
46
What are the Intrinsic Intermediate muscles of the back?
Erector Spinae (3) - Iliocostalis - Longissimus - Spinalis
47
What are the Intrinsic Deep muscles of the back?
``` Transversospinal muscles (3) -Semispinalis -Multifidus -Rotatores Interspinalis Intertransversalis Quadratus Lumborum ```
48
What are the suboccipital muscles?
- Rectus capitis posterior major - Rectus capitis posterior minor - Obliquus capitis superior - Obliquus capitis inferior
49
Name the borders of the suboccipital triangle and its contents.
Borders: - Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (superior border) - Obliquus Capitis Superior (lateral border) - Obliquus Capitis Inferior (inferior border) ``` Contents: -Vertebral artery >Runs transversely in the triangle -Suboccipital nerve (C1) >Comes out of the triangle >Innervates obliqui muscles -Greater occipital nerve (C2) >Comes below the triangle & seperates semispinalis and spinialis capitis ```
50
What are the deep neck flexors?
- Longus Colli (Cervicis) - Longus Capitis - Rectus Capitis Anterior - Rectus Capitis Lateralis
51
Primary Muscles of Respiration Include
- Diaphragm - Internal Intercostal - External Intercostal

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (3 decks)

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