Axial System

Question 0

What bone structure compose the axial skeleton?

Answer 0

Skull

Vertebral column

Thoracic cage

Question 1

What is the axial skeleton made of?

Answer 1

Bones along central body axis

Question 2

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

Creates framework that supports and protects organs.

Question 3

How many bones does the skull have?

Answer 3

22

Question 4

What are the eight cranial bones?

Answer 4

Frontal bone

Parietal bones (2)

Occipital bone

Temporal bones (2)

Sphenoid bone

Ethmoid bone

Question 5

What are the 14 facial bones?

Answer 5

Mandible
Maxillary bones (2)
Zygomatic bones (2)
Nasal bones (2)
Lacrimal bones (2)
Palatine bones (2)
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae (2)

Question 6

3 Frontal bone key features?

Answer 6

Supra orbital margins

Anterior cranial fossa

Frontal sinuses

Question 7

3 Parietal bones key features?

Answer 7

Lambdoid suture

Squamous suture

Coronal suture

Question 8

4 Occipital bone key features?

Answer 8

Posterior cranial fossa

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyles

Hypoglossal canals

Question 9

4 Temporal bones key regions?

Answer 9

Squamous

Tympanic

Mastoid

Petrous regions

Question 10

5 Major markings of the temporal bone?

Answer 10

Zygomatic processes

Styloid

Mastoid

Mandibular fossae

Middle cranial fossae

Question 11

3 Major openings of the temporal bone?

Answer 11

Jugular foramina

External auditory Meatus

Carotid canal

Question 12

4 Sphenoid bone key features?

Answer 12

Central body

Greater wings

Lesser wings

Pterygoid processes

Question 13

3 Major markings of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 13

Sella turcica

Hypophyseal fossa

Pterygoid processes

Question 14

5 Major openings of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 14

Foramina rotundum

Ovale

Spinosum

Optic canals

Superior orbital fissure

Question 15

5 Ethmoid bone major markings?

Answer 15

Cribriform plate

Crista galli

Perpendicular plate

Nasal conchae

Ethmoid sinuses

Question 16

What bones articulate at the coronal suture?

Answer 16

Parietal bones, and frontal bone anteriorly

Question 17

What bones articulate at the Lambdoid suture?

Answer 17

Parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

Question 18

What bones articulate at the Sagittal suture?

Answer 18

Right and left parietal bones meet superiorly

Question 19

What bones articulate at the squamous suture?

Answer 19

Parietal and temporal bones meet

Question 20

What are the sutural (wormian) bones

Answer 20

Tiny irregular bones that appear within sutures

Question 21

Why do some people have sutural (wormian) bones?

Answer 21

Additional ossification centers that appeared when the skull was expanding during fetal development

Question 22

What 7 bones form the Orbit?

Answer 22

Frontal bone

Ethmoid

Lacrimal bone

Palatine bone

Maxilla bone

Zygomatic bone

Sphenoid

Question 23

What are the 3 components of the nasal septum?

Answer 23

Ethmoid

Vomer

Anterior septal cartilage

Question 24

What are the four bones containing the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 24

Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxillary bones

Question 25

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 25

Lighten the skull Enhance resonance of voice

Question 26

Describe the hyoid bone

Answer 26

Not a bone Of the skull Does not articulate with another bone

Question 27

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Answer 27

Site of attachment for muscles of swallowing and speech

Question 28

What are the names of the 3 auditory ossicles

Answer 28

Malleus Incus Stapes

Question 29

Where are the auditory ossicles found?

Answer 29

In the tympanic cavity

Question 30

What is the difference in male and female skulls in terms of general size and appearance?

Answer 30

Female features are more delicate and small

Question 31

What is the difference in male and female skulls in terms of the mastoid process?

Answer 31

Larger in males Smaller in females

Question 32

What is the difference in male and female skulls in terms of the Mandible?

Answer 32

Male is larger and more square

Question 33

What is the difference in male and female skulls in terms of the mental protuberance?

Answer 33

More pronounced in males

Question 34

What are the two largest fontanelles found in the fetal skull

Answer 34

Anterior fontanel and mastoid fontanel

Question 35

What is the age that the two largest fontanels close?

Answer 35

Age 5

Question 36

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

Answer 36

Vertical support for the body Supports the weight of head Houses and protects the spinal cord

Question 37

What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?

Answer 37

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx

Question 38

What is the thing that helps remember number of vertebrae in first 3 regions?

Answer 38

Breakfast at 7 Lunch at 12 Dinner at 5

Question 39

How many vertebrae in cervical region?

Answer 39

7

Question 40

How many vertebrae in thoracic region?

Answer 40

12

Question 41

How many vertebrae in lumbar region?

Answer 41

5

Question 42

How many vertebrae in sacrum region?

Answer 42

5 that fuse into 1

Question 43

How many vertebrae in coccyx region?

Answer 43

4

Question 44

What are the 4 spinal curvatures

Answer 44

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral

Question 45

What are the two primary curvatures?

Answer 45

Thoracic Sacral

Question 46

What are the two secondary curvatures

Answer 46

Cervical Lumbar

Question 47

When do the secondary curvatures appear?

Answer 47

After birth

Question 48

What is the general function of the secondary curvatures?

Answer 48

Help shift trunk weight over legs

Question 49

What are the 7 components of a typical vertebrae?

Answer 49

Body Vertebral arch Vertebral Foramen Spinous process Transverse processes Superior Articular process Inferior Articular process

Question 50

What is the vertebral arch composed of?

Answer 50

2 pedicles and 2 laminae

Question 51

What are 5 characteristics of cervical vertebrae ``` Relative size Body shape The presence of costal facets for ribs The presence of transverse foramina The shape of the spinous process ```

Answer 51

Smallest Kidney bean shape Costal facets for ribs not present Has transverse foramina Shape of the spinous process is slender, C2-C6 bifid

Question 52

What are 5 characteristics of thoracic vertebrae? ``` Relative size Body shape The presence of costal facets for ribs The presence of transverse foramina The shape of the spinous process ```

Answer 52

Medium size Heart shape body Has coastal facets for ribs No transverse foramina Spinous process is long, project inferior

Question 53

What are 5 characteristics of lumbar vertebrae ``` Relative size Body shape The presence of costal facets for ribs The presence of transverse foramina The shape of the spinous process ```

Answer 53

Largest Oval or round No costal facets for ribs No transverse foramina Spinous process are short, thick, and blunt. Project posteriorly

Question 54

If a vertebrae has transverse foramina and a bifid spinous process it is? Cervical or thoracic or lumbar

Answer 54

Cervical

Question 55

How does the atlas differ from other vertebrae

Answer 55

No body or spinous process Ring shaped

Question 56

How does the axis differ from other vertebrae

Answer 56

Has dens and and spinous process starting to be bifid

Question 57

What are the three main components of the sternum?

Answer 57

Manubrium Sternum body Xiphoid process

Question 58

Manubrium

Answer 58

Widest and most superior portion of sternum

Question 59

Sternum body

Answer 59

Longest part of the sternum

Question 60

Xiphoid process

Answer 60

Bottom tip of sternum

Question 61

What is the sternal angle?

Answer 61

Where Manubrium and sternum body meet The coastal cartilage attachment for rib two

Question 62

What is the clinical significance of the sternal angle

Answer 62

Important site for palpitation and counting ribs

Question 63

What are two features on all ribs

Answer 63

Originate on thoracic vertebrae End in anterior wall of thorax

Question 64

Which ribs are true ribs?

Answer 64

Rib 1-7

Question 65

True ribs coastal cartilage attaches to ______ directly

Answer 65

Sternum

Question 66

Which ribs are false ribs

Answer 66

Ribs 8-12

Question 67

Ribs 8, 9, 10 a are called vertebrochondral ribs because their coastal cartilages attach to the _______ indirectly

Answer 67

Sternum

Question 68

Ribs 11 and 12 are called floating ribs or vertebral ribs. Their cartilages are inserted in the ________ ______ instead of the sternum

Answer 68

Transverse costal facets

Question 69

Where specifically do the head and tubercle of each rib Articulate

Answer 69

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