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GAR > Axilla, Brachial plexus, and arm 72-79 > Flashcards

Axilla, Brachial plexus, and arm 72-79 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is function of the axilla?

A

to protect the brachial plexus and axillary vessels

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2
Q

What are the 6 branches of the axillary artery?

A

Screw the lawyer, save a patient

Superior thoracic artery
Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral Thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior humeral circumflex artery
Posterior Humeral circumflex artery

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3
Q

The posterior humeral circumflex artery is often damaged in what type of injury?

A

fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

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4
Q

What happens to the axillary artery when it crosses the distal border of teres major?

A

becomes the brachial artery

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5
Q

What is found in the axillary sheath?

A

axillary artery (and its branches), axillary vein, and brachial plexus

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6
Q

Axillary sheath acts as a conduit from and to what locations?

A

The axillary sheath acts as a conduit from vertebral column/back to arm and forearm

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7
Q

Clinical applications of the axillary sheath

A

Axillary sheath makes it easy to confine anesthesia to one place but can also facilitate spread of cancer or infection

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8
Q

At what location does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib

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9
Q

The thoracoacromial artery (branch of axillary artery) divides into what four branches?

A

Clavicular
Acromial
Deltoid
Pectoral

Cadavers are dead people

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10
Q

Lateral thoracic artery supplies ?

A

Serratus anterior and lateral breast/chest

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11
Q

Subscapular artery divides into?

A

Thoracodorsal

Scapular circumflex artery

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12
Q

What does the Anterior Humeral Circumflex artery supply?

A

Glenohumeral joint
Teres major
Teres minor
Deltoid

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13
Q

What does the Posterior Humeral Circumflex artery supply?

A

Glenohumeral joint
Teres major
Teres minor
Deltoid

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14
Q

Fracture of the surgical neck of humerus can injure what structures?

A

Axillary nerve

Posterior Humeral Circumflex artery

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15
Q

If the axillary artery is cut and ligated, flow will often reverse in what vessel?

A

Subscapular artery

(provides collateral circulation and allows blood to flow from subscapular artery to the axillary artery)

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16
Q

Ligation should be done ___________ to the subscapular artery

A

proximal

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17
Q

WHAT IS BRACHIAL PLEXUS?

A

A NETWORK OF NERVES DERIVED FROM C5-T1 SPINAL NERVES THAT SUPPLY THE UPPER EXTREMITY

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18
Q

LATERAL AND MEDIAL CORDS OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS ARE ___________ TO ARTERIES AND VEINS

A

ANTERIOR

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19
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 BRANCHES OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS?

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS,
AXILLARY
RADIAL
MEDIAN
ULNAR

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20
Q

CORDS AND BRANCHES OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS MAKE UP THE ___________ PART OF PLEXUS

A

INFRACLAVICULAR

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21
Q

LONG THORACIC NERVE COMES FROM ROOTS OF __________

A

C5-C7

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22
Q

WHAT DOES THE LONG THORACIC NERVE INNERVATE

A

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

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23
Q

HOW ARE CORDS OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS NAMED?

A

BY THE POSITION RELATIVE TO THE AXILLARY ARTER WHEN IN ANATOMICAL POSITION

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24
Q

THE THORACODORSAL NERVE COMES FROM WHICH CORD OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS?

A

POSTERIOR CORD

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25
THE THORACODORSAL NERVE INNERVATES WHAT MUSCLE
LATISSIMUS DORSI
26
WHICH CORDS OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS MAKE UP THE M?
LATERAL AND MEDIAL CORDS
27
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE COMES FROM WHICH CORD OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS?
LATERAL CORD
28
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE INNERVATES WHICH MUSCLES?
FLEXOR COMPARTMENT OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ARM BICEPS BRACHII CORACOBRACHIALIS BRACHIALIS
29
THE MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE CONTINUES AS WHAT NERVE?
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE CONTINUES AS LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF FOREARM FOR SENSORY INNERVATION OF LATERAL FOREARM
30
WHAT ARE CLINICAL SIGNS OF MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE DAMAGE?
DAMAGE TO THE MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE CAN RESULT IN SENSORY LOSS TO THE LATERAL FOREARM AND GREAT WEAKNESS OF FOREARM AND ARM FLEXION
31
WHAT CORD OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS DOES THE AXILLARY NERVE COME FROM?
POSTERIOR CORD
32
AXILLARY NERVE INNERVATES ?
DELTOID TERES MINOR SKIN OVER DELTOID
33
AXILLARY NERVE RUNS THROUGH WHAT SPACE AND WITH WHAT STRUCTURE?
AXILLARY NERVE RUNS THROUGH QUADRANGULAR SPACE ALONG WITH POSTERIOR HUMORAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
34
WHAT ARE CLINICAL SIGNS OF AXILLARY NERVE DAMAGE?
DAMAGE TO AXILLARY NERVE RESULTS IN WEAKNESS IN ABDUCTION, FLEXION, EXTENSION, AND LATERAL ROTATION OF ARM AS WELL AS SENSORY LOSS OVER LATERAL SHOULDER
35
WHICH CORD OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS DOES THE RADIAL NERVE COME FROM?
POSTERIOR CORD
36
RADIAL NERVE INNERVATES WHAT MUSCLES?
RADIAL NERVE INNERVATES EXTENSOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM TRICEPS BRACHII EXTENSOR COMPARTMENT OF THE FOREARM SKIN OF POSTERIOR FOREARM
37
WHAT NERVE MUST YOU BE CAREFUL OF WHEN PERFORMING SURGERY IN AXILLA?
THORACODORSAL NERVE -INNERVATES LATISSIMUS DORSI
38
RADIAL NERVES RUNS ALONG?
ALONG THE RADIAL (SPIRAL) GROOVE
39
RADIAL NERVE RUNS THROUGH WHICH SPACE AND WITH WHAT STRUCTURE?
RADIAL NERVE RUNS THROUGH THE TRIANGULAR INTERVAL WITH THE PROFUNDA BRACHII ARTERY
40
DAMAGE TO THE DEEP BRANCH OF THE RADIAL NERVE RESULTS IN WHAT SIGNS?
WRIST DROP
41
DAMAGE TO THE SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF THE RADIAL NERVE RESULTS IN?
LOSE SENSATION OVER THE RADIAL NERVE DISTRIBUTION AREA ON THE SKIN
42
MEDIAN NERVE COMES FROM WHICH CORD OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS
LATERAL AND MEDIAL CORDS
43
MEDIAN NERVE INNERVATES WHAT MUSCLES?
MUSCLES OF ANTERIOR FOREARM (EXCEPT FOR FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS AND ULNAR HALF OF FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS)
44
MEDIAN NERVE RUNS WITH WHICH ARTERY?
BRACHIAL ARTERY
45
ULNAR NERVE COMES FROM WHICH CORD OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS?
MEDIAL CORD
46
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMONLY INJURED NERVE IN THE BODY?
ULNAR NERVE
47
ULNAR NERVE INNERVATES WHICH MUSCLES?
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS ULNAR HALF OF FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDIS IN FOREARM
48
ULNAR NERVE RUNS ALONG _________
MEDIAL EPICONDYLE (FUNNYBONE)
49
The anterior compartment of muscles in the arm are __________ and are innervated by _____________
flexors musculocutaneous nerve
50
What are the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Biceps brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis
51
Function of Biceps brachii
flexion of forearm at elbow joint and supination
52
Function of brachialis
flexes forearm
53
Function of coracobrachialis
flexes arm helps biceps brachii
54
Posterior compartment of arm muscles are ______ and innervated by _______
extensors radial nerve
55
The elbow is made up of what two types of joints?
Hinge joint Gliding joint
56
THe hinge joint of the elbow consists of ? What is function of a hinge joint
Trochlea and trochlear notch used for flexion and extension
57
The gliding joint of the elbow consists of?
capitulum and radial head used for pronation and supination
58
Radius is the ___________ bone of the forearm and used for ?
lateral pronation and supination
59
Ulna is the _________ bone of the forearm and used for?
medial flexion and extension
60
What are the three ligaments of the elbow joint?
Annular ligament Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament Lateral (radial) collateral ligament
61
What is the function of the annular ligament of elbow?
Annular ligament holds the radial head in place Allows for pronation and supination
62
DAMAGE TO WHAT NERVE CAUSES WINGED SCAPULA?
DAMAGE TO LONG THORACIC NERVE (C5, C6, C7)
63
BESIDES WINGED SCAPULA, WHAT OTHER SIGNS WILL A PATIENT WITH DAMAGE TO THE LONG THORACIC NERVE EXHIBIT?
PATIENT WILL BE UNABLE TO ABDUCT ARM ABOVE 90 DEGREES BECAUSE OF LOSS OF SERRATUS ANTERIOR
64
IF YOU SUSPECT WINGED SCAPULA, WHAT IS A TEST YOU CAN DO
HAVE PATIENT PUSH ARMS AGAINST THE WALL
65
WHAT ARE COMPLICATIONS OF FRACTURE OF SURGICAL NECK OF HUMERUS
DAMAGE TO AXILLARY NERVE AND POSTERIOR HUMORAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
66
AXILLARY NERVE DAMAGE CAN RESULT IN ?
WEAKNESS IN ABDUCTION, FLEXION, EXTENSION, AND LATERAL ROTATION OF ARM SENSORY LOSS OVER THE LATERAL SHOULDER
67
A PATIENT WITH AXILLARY NERVE DAMAGE MAY PRESENT WITH?
FLATTENED DELTOID INABILITY TO ABDUCT SHOULDER PAST 15 DEGREES REDUCED OR LOSS OF SENSATION OVER DELTOID AND LATERAL ARM
68
ERB'S PALSY IS CAUSED BY DAMAGE TO ?
DAMAGE TO UPPER ROOTS (C5 AND C6) OF PLEXUS FROM INCREASED ANGLE BETWEEN NECK AND SHOULDER FALLING ON HEAD AND SHOULDER INFANT'S HEAD PULLED ON FORCEFULLY
69
HOW DOES ERB'S PALSY PRESENT?
UPPER EXTREMITY IS MEDIALLY ROTATED AND PARALYZED EXCEPT FOR FINGERS WAITER'S TIP POSITION ALSO LOSS OF SENSATION IN LATERAL ASPECT OF UPPER LIMB
70
WHAT CAUSES KLUMPKE'S PALSY?
DAMAGE TO LOWER ROOTS (C8 AND T1) OF PLEXUS EXCESSIVE UPWARD PULL OF UPPER LIMBS GRABBING A TREE BRANCH TO BREAK A FALL PULLING INFANTS ARM DURING DELIVERY
71
HOW DOES KLUMPKE'S PALSY PRESENT?
SHORT INTRINSIC HAND MUSCLES ARE PARALYZED SO GET CLAW HAND
72
WHAT CAUSES SATURDAY NIGHT PALSY?
DAMAGE TO RADIAL NERVE CAN HAPPEN THROUGH EXCESSIVE PRESSURE ON AXILLA CRUTCHES OR SLEEPING ON A CHAIR WITH AXILLA COMPRESSED (get wrist drop)
73
*****************Cardinal sign for damage to radial nerve
wrist drop
74
If you can not wipe yourself, what nerve damaged?
Thoracodorsal nerve
75
A patient with thoracodorsal nerve damage will have weakness in?
extension, medial rotation, and adduction of arm
76
What type of surgery can the thoracodorsal nerve be potentially damaged from?
breast surgery
77
what is hypesthesia
reduced sensation
78
if you have hypesthesia in lateral forearm and weakness of elbow flexion, what nerve could possibly be damaged?
musculocutaneous nerve
79

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