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Axilla/UE Flashcards

(133 cards)

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0
Q

Pectoralis major: origins (2 portions)

A

Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial 1/2 clavicle

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1
Q

Pectoralis Major: action and insertion (2 portions)

A

Action: 2 portions together adduct arm at the shoulder, medially rotate arm
Sternocostal portion - extends arm from flexed position
Clavicular portion - flexes humerus at shoulder

Insertions: same for both portions
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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2
Q

Pectoralis major: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

Nervous: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Sternocostal head - C7, C8, T1
Clavicular head - C5, C6

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3
Q

Pectoralis minor: action and insertion

A

Action: stabilize scapula by pulling it inferiorly/anteriorly against thoracic wall
Raises ribs for inspiration

Insertion: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process

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4
Q

Pectoralis minor: origin

A

Ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages

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5
Q

Pectoralis minor: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk

Nervous: medial pectoral nerve C8-T1

Pectoralis minor is pierced by 2-3 branches of the medial pectoral nerve that tries to reach the pectoralis major. Medial nerve serves both, but lateral pectoral nerve only serves the major

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6
Q

Deltoid: action and insertions (3 parts)

A

Action:

  • anterior/clavicular: flexes arm at shoulder, medially rotates humerus
  • lateral/acromial: abducts arm at shoulder most effective past 15degrees
  • posterior/scapular: extends arm at shoulder, laterally rotates humerus

Insertions: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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8
Q

Deltoid: origins (3 parts)

A

Same as trapezius:

  • anterior: anterior border/upper surface of lateral 1/3 clavicle
  • lateral: superior surface of acromion process
  • posterior: lower lip Id posterior border of scapular spine
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8
Q

List the rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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9
Q

Deltoid: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: thoracoacromial trunk, anterior and posterior circumflex arteries

Nervous: 
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
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10
Q

Supraspinatus: action and insertion

A

Action:
Initiates abduction of humerus for first 15 degrees (deltoid takes over after)
Stabilizes shoulder

Insertion: SUPERIOR facet of GREATER tubercle of humerus

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11
Q

Supraspinatus: origin

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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12
Q

Supraspinatus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: suprascapular artery

Nervous: suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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13
Q

Infraspinatus: action and insertion

A

Action:
Laterally rotate humerus at shoulder
Stabilize shoulder

Insertion: MIDDLE facet of GREATER tubercle of humerus

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14
Q

Infraspinatus: origin

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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15
Q

Infraspinatus: nervous and vascular supply

A

Vascular: suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

Nervous: suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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16
Q

Subscapularis: action and insertion

A

Action:
Medial rotation of humerus at shoulder
Hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Stabilize shoulder

Insertion: LESSER tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

Subscapularis: origin

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula

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18
Q

Subscapularis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: subscapular artery

Nervous: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

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19
Q

Teres minor: action and insertion

A

Action:
Lateral rotation of humerus at shoulder
Stabilize shoulder

Insertion: INFERIOR facet of GREATER tubercle of humerus

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20
Q

Teres minor: origin

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

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21
Q

Teres major: action and insertion

A

Action:
Medial rotation of humerus at shoulder
Adduction of arm at shoulder

Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove/sulcus of humerus

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22
Q

Teres minor: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: posterior humeral circumflex, circumflex scapular artery

Nervous: axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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23
Q

Teres major: origin

A

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

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24
Teres major: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: subscapular, circumflex scapular artery Nervous: lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
25
Biceps brachii: action and insertion
Action: Flex forearm Supinate radioulnar joint Resist shoulder dislocation Insertion: Radial tuberosity via Bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial forearm
26
Biceps brachii: origin (2 heads)
Short head: coracoid process of scapula Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
28
Biceps brachii: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: brachial artery Nervous: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
28
Coracobrachialis: origin
Coracoid process of scapula
29
Coracobrachialis: action and insertion
Action: adducts humerus, flexes arm at glenohumeral joint Insertion: medial 1/3 humerus
30
Coracobrachialis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: brachial artery Nervous: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
31
Anconeus: action and insertion
Action: Locks elbow in extension (blended with triceps) Stabilizes elbow during pronation and supination Insertion: Lateral surface of olecranon process Superior part of posterior ulna
32
Anconeus: origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
33
Anconeus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep brachial artery, radial interosseous artery Nervous: radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)
34
Triceps brachii: action and insertion
Action: extend forearm at elbow -long head: extend and adduct arm at shoulder Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
35
Triceps brachii: origin (3 heads)
``` Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: Above radial groove/sulcus Medial head: Below radial groove ```
36
Brachioradialis: action and insertions
Action: weak flexor of forearm at elbow, maximal force when forearm is in semi-pronation Insertion: distal end of radius, lateral surface proximal to styloid process
37
Triceps brachii: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep brachial artery (profundus brachii) Nervous: Radial nerve for medial and lateral heads (C6, C7, C8) Axillary nerve for long head
38
Brachioradialis: origin
Supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus (proximal 2/3)
39
Brachioradialis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: radial recurrent artery Nervous: radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)
40
Brachialis: action and insertion
Action: elbow flexion Insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
41
Brachialis: origin
Anterior surface of distal 1/2 of humerus
42
Brachialis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: radial recurrent artery Nervous: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6), some of lateral part by radial nerve (C5, C7)
43
Extensor carpi radialis longus: action and insertion
Action: extend hand at wrist, abduct hand at wrist, active when clenching fist Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
44
Extensor carpi radialis longus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: radial artery Nervous: radial nerve (C6, C7)
45
Extensor carpi radialis longus: origin
Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
46
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: action and insertion
Action: extends and abducts the hand at the wrist Insertion: dorsal aspect of the base of 3rd metacarpal
47
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
48
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: radial artery Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
49
Extensor digitorum: action and insertion
Action: Extends medial 4 digits at MCP joints (not thumb) Secondarily extends medial 4 digits at IP joints Insertions: Extensor/dorsal digital expansion of medial 4 digits (on head of metacarpal and proximal phalanges)
50
Extensor digitorum: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: posterior interosseous artery Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
51
Extensor digiti minimi: action and insertion
Action: Primarily extends 5th digit at MCP joint, secondarily at IP joint Insertion: extensor/dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
52
Extensor digiti minimi: origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
53
Extensor carpi ulnaris: action and insertion
Action: extends and adducts hand at the wrist Active during wrist clenching Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
54
Extensor digiti minimi: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: posterior interosseous Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
55
Extensor carpi ulnaris: origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus | Posterior border of ulna via shared aponeurosis
56
Extensor carpi ulnaris: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: ulnar artery Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
57
Extensor indicis: action and insertion
Action: independently extends 2nd digit Helps extend wrist Insertion: posterior digital extension of 2nd digit
58
Extensor indicis: origin
Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna | Interosseous membrane
59
Supinator: action and insertion
Action: supinates forearm Insertion: proximal 1/3 of radius (wraps anterior, lateral and posterior surfaces)
60
Extensor indicis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: posterior interosseous artery Nervous: a continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
61
Supinator: origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus Crest of ulna, supinator fossa Radial annular ligaments
62
Supinator: nervous and vascular supply
Vascular: posterior interosseous artery Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
63
Name the muscles that compose the "snuff box"
3 muscles with bellies on ulna and radius, but insert onto the THUMB Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis
64
Abductor pollicis longus: action and insertion
Action: abducts thumb, extends thumb at CM joint Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal
65
Abductor pollicis longus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: posterior interosseous artery Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
66
Abductor pollicis longus: origin
Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 ulna and radius, | Interosseous membrane
67
Extensor pollicis longus: action and insertions
Action: extend MP and CM joint Extend distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint Insertion: (dorsal aspect) base of distal phalanx of thumb
68
Extensor pollicis longus: origin
Posterior surface of middle 1/3 ulna | Interosseous membrane
69
Extensor pollicis longus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: posterior interosseous artery Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
70
Extensor pollicis brevis: action and insertion
Action: extends proximal phalanx for thumb at MP and CM joints Insertion: (dorsal aspect) base of proximal phalanx of thumb
71
Extensor pollicis brevis: origin
Posterior surface of distal 1/3 radius | Interosseous membrane
72
Extensor pollicis brevis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: posterior interosseous artery Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)
73
Pronator teres: action and insertion
Action: pronate and flex forearm at elbow Insertion: midpoint on lateral radius at convexity
74
Pronator teres: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: muscular branches of ulnar and radial arteries Nervous: median nerve (C6, C7)
75
Pronator teres: origin (2 heads)
Ulnar head - coronoid process | Humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
76
Flexor carpi radialis: action and insertion
Action: flex and abduct hand at the wrist Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
77
Flexor carpi radialis: origin
Medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon
78
Flexor carpi radialis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: muscular branches of radial artery Nervous: median nerve (C6, C7)
79
Palmaris longus: action and insertion
Action: flex hand at the wrist Insertion: palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
80
Palmaris longus: origin
Medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon
81
Palmaris longus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: muscular branches of ulnar artery Nervous: median nerve (C7, C8)
82
Flexor carpi ulnaris: action and insertion
Action: flexes and adducts hand at the wrist Insertion: Pisiform (carpal bone) Hook of hamate (carpal bone) 5th metacarpal (pinky, medial side)
83
Flexor carpi ulnaris: origin (2 heads)
Humeral head - medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon Ulnar head - olecranon and posterior border of ulna
84
Flexor carpi ulnaris: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: muscular branches of ulnar artery Nervous: ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
85
Flexor digitorum superficialis: action and insertion
Action: Flexor of the wrist, MCP (strong) and PIP (weaker) joints from 2-5 digits Insertion: sides of middle phalanges from 2-5 digits
86
Flexor digitorum superficialis: origin (2 heads)
Humeral-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna (anterior) Radial head: upper 1/2 of anterior border of radius
87
Flexor digitorum superficialis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: ulnar artery Nervous: median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
88
Flexor digitorum profundus: action and insertion
Action: flexion of DIP of digits 2-5, helps with hand flexion Insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanges 2-5
89
Flexor digitorum profundus: origin
Anterior and Medial Parts: Proximal 3/4 ulna on flexor surface (anterior and medial), interosseous membrane
90
Flexor pollicis longus: origin
Midanterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
91
Flexor digitorum profundus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: anterior interosseous artery Nervous: anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1) for the LATERAL part, ulnar nerve (C8, T1) for the medial part
92
Flexor pollicis longus: action and insertion
Action: flexes thumb Insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb
93
Pronator quadratus: action and insertion
Action: pronate hand and stabilize distal radioulnar joint Insertion: anterior surface of distal 1/4 radius
94
Flexor pollicis longus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: anterior interosseous artery Nervous: Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)
95
Pronator quadratus: origin
Anterior surface of distal 1/4 of ulna
96
List the thenar muscles
These are intrinsic muscles of the palm All are innervate by nerves from C8, T1 Inserting around the thumb and 1st metacarpal Adductor pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis
97
Pronator quadratus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: anterior interosseous artery Nervous: Anterior interosseous branch from median nerve (C8, T1)
98
Adductor pollicis: origin (2 heads)
Transverse head: palmar/anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal Oblique head: capitate bone, base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
99
Adductor pollicis: action and insertion
Action: Adducts thumb towards lateral border of palm Insertion: thumb (base of proximal phalanx)
100
Adductor pollicis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep palmar arch Nervous: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
101
Abductor pollicis brevis: action and insertion
Action: abduction at CMC joint of thumb, helps opposition Insertion: thumb (base of proximal phalanx)
102
Abductor pollicis brevis: origin
Scaphoid and trapezium bone tubercles, flexor retinaculum
103
Abductor pollicis brevis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: superficial palmar arch Nervous: median nerve (C8, T1) recurrent branch
104
Flexor pollicis brevis: action and insertion
Action: flexion of thumb at CMC joint Insertion: thumb (base of proximal phalanx)
105
Flexor pollicis brevis: origin (2 heads)
Superficial head: flexor retinaculum Deep head: scaphoid and trapezium bones
106
Flexor pollicis brevis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: superficial palmar arch Nervous: -deep head by ulnar nerve deep branch -superficial head by median nerve recurrent branch Both C8, T1
107
Opponens pollicis: action and insertion
Action: opposition at CMC joint of thumb (moving thumb medially to center of palm and medially rotating it) Insertion: radial/lateral border of first metacarpal
108
Opponens pollicis: origin
Trapezium
109
Opponens pollicis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: superficial palmar arch Nervous: median nerve recurrent branch (C8, T1)
110
List the hypothenar muscles
These are intrinsic muscles for movement of the 5th digit (pinky) and all are innervated by the ulnar nerve Opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Abductor digiti minimi Palmaris brevis
112
Opponens digiti minimi: action and insertion
Action: draws 5th metacarpal anterior with rotation to go into opposition with thumb Insertion: ulnar border of 5th metacarpal
113
Opponens digiti minimi: origin
Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
113
Opponens digiti:vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: ulnar artery Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch
114
Opponens digiti minimi:vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: ulnar artery Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch
115
Flexor digiti minimi brevis: origin
Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
116
Flexor digiti minimi brevis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: ulnar artery Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch
117
Abductor digiti minimi: origin
Pisiform bone
118
Abductor digiti minimi: action and insertion
Action: abducts 5th digit, helps flexion of proximal phalanx Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx 5th digit
119
Abductor digiti minimi: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: ulnar artery Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch
120
Palmaris brevis: action and insertion
Action: tightens palmar aponeurosis for protection Insertion: skin of hypothenar eminence
121
Palmaris brevis: origin
Palmar aponeurosis (ulnar border)
122
Palmaris brevis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep palmar arch (palmar metacarpal artery) Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) SUPERFICIAL branch
123
List the metacarpal/short muscles
Lumbricals Dorsal interossei Palmar interossei
124
Lumbricals: action and insertions (1-4)
Action: MCP joint flexion, PIP and DIP extension for digits 2-5 Insertions: 1,2,3,4 lumbrical muscles insert on dorsal digital expansion of 2,3,4,5 digit respectively (fingers)
125
Lumbricals: origin
1,2 lumbricals originate on tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscle from radial lateral sides) 3,4 lumbricals originate on tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate from medial sides)
126
Lumbricals: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: superficial and deep palmar arches, common palmar digital and dorsal digital arteries Nervous: 1,2 innervated by median nerve (C8, T1) 3,4 innervated by ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
127
Dorsal interossei: action and insertion
Action: acts with lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending DIP and PIP joints for digits 2-4 Also does ABDUCTION away from 3rd digit/axial line Insertion: 1,2 muscle insert on the dorsal digital expansion of 2,3 digit as well as the RADIAL side of 2,3 phalanx 3,4 insert on the dorsal digital expansion of 3,4 digit and ULNAR side of 3,4 phalanx
128
Dorsal interossei: origin
1st muscle inserts on 1,2 metacarpals (adjacent side, 2 heads) 2nd muscle inserts on 2,3 metacarpals (adjacent side, 2 heads) 3rd muscle inserts on 3,4 metacarpals (adjacent side 2 heads) 4th muscle inserts on 4,5 metacarpals (adjacent side 2 heads)
129
Dorsal interossei: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: dorsal and palmar metacarpal artery? Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
130
Palmar interossei: action and insertions
Action: for digits 2, 4, 5 Flexion at MCP joints Extension and ADDUCTION towards 3rd digit/axial line Insertions: 1,2,3 muscles insert on dorsal digital expansion and base of proximal phalanx of digits 2, 4, 5
131
Palmar interossei: origin
1st muscle inserts on ULNAR side of 2nd metacarpal 2nd muscle inserts on radial side of 4th metacarpal 3rd muscle inserts on radial side of 5th metacarpal
132
Palmar interossei: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep palmar arch (palmar metacarpal artery) Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch

Anatomy Lab (8 decks)

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