Ayasha.Hussain.ApGovChapter 15

Question 1

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Answer 1

a law consisting of two pieces of legislation that are collectively referred to as “Healthcare Reform” or “Obamacare”

Question 2

Agenda Setting

Answer 2

The process of forming the list of issues to be addressed by the government.

Question 3

Board of Governors

Answer 3

Overseers of the Federal Reserve System. The seven member panel who each serve 14 year overlapping terms, with the Chair appointed by the President, serving a four year term. Also called the Federal Reserve Board

Question 4

Budget Deficit

Answer 4

The economic condition that occurs when expenditures exceed revenues.

Question 5

Charter School

Answer 5

a publicly funded independent school established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority.

Question 6

Common Core

Answer 6

set of educational standards for teaching and testing English and mathematics between kindergarten and 12th grade.

Question 7

Department of health and human services

Answer 7

provides essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves and oversees the implementation of numerous health and welfare-related programs

Question 8

Depression

Answer 8

A mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life.

Question 9

Discount rate

Answer 9

interest rate charged by the Fed to other banks

Question 10

Distributive policies

Answer 10

A public policy such as Social Security that provides benefits to all groups in society.

Question 11

Entitlement programs

Answer 11

Government benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law, regardless of need

Question 12

Federal Reserve System

Answer 12

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Question 13

Fiscal policy

Answer 13

The federal government efforts to keep the economy stable by increasing or decreasing taxes or government spending.

Question 14

governmental (institutional) agenda

Answer 14

Problems to which public officials feel obliged to devote active and serious attention.

Question 15

gross domestic product (GDP)

Answer 15

Gross Domestic Product is the dollar value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s border in a given year. It has 4 categories: consumer goods and services, business goods and services, government goods and services, and import goods and services.

Question 16

Inflation

Answer 16

An increase in the general (average) price level of goods and services in the economy.

Question 17

Keynesian economics

Answer 17

A form of demand-side economics that encourages government action to increase and decrease demand and output.

Question 18

Laissez-faire

Answer 18

an economic policy that advocates government staying out of the business sector

Question 19

means- tested programs

Answer 19

income security program intended to assist those whose incomes fall below a designated level

Question 20

Medicaid

Answer 20

provides medical and health related services to certain individuals and families with low income

Question 21

Medicare

Answer 21

a federal program which provides health insurance benefits for people who meet .

Question 22

Monetary policy

Answer 22

The term “monetary policy” refers to what the Federal Reserve, the nation’s central bank, does to influence the amount of money and credit in the U.S. economy.

Question 23

National Debt

Answer 23

amount of money owed by the United States to its lenders.

Question 24

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

Answer 24

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, a re-authorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). NCLB sets high standards and accountability for student achievement to make sure that all children are caught up to 21st century learning.

Question 25

Non-means- tested programs

Answer 25

a program that is not based on income or means of the recipient. For example, social security is a non means based program because it is given to anyone, regardless of their income, once they hit age for it and made the minimum contribution defined by the law

Question 26

open market operations

Answer 26

The most important policy making body of the Fed and includes the presidents of the regional banks

Question 27

policy adoption

Answer 27

the approval of a policy by legislation, people with requisite authority

Question 28

Policy evaluation

Answer 28

process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its intended goals; determines fairness and efficiency of program

Question 29

Policy formulation

Answer 29

formal proposals are developed and adopted to deal with the problems on the official policy agenda

Question 30

Policy implemantation

Answer 30

process of carrying out public policy through governmental agencies and the courts; can also be done via lawsuits and voluntary compliance

Question 31

Public Policy

Answer 31

the sum of government activities, whether pursued directly or through agents, as those activities have an influence on the lives of citizens

Question 32

recession

Answer 32

ordinarily defined as prolonged decrease in economic growth as defined by negative growth in GDP, increased unemployment, and slow business growth over at least 6 months

Question 33

Redistributive policies

Answer 33

- a Policy that provides to one group of society while taking away benefits for another through policy tools such as tax increases to pay for job training.

Question 34

Regulatory policies

Answer 34

Market-entry regulations price-setting regulations control regulations Market-preserving regulations social regulations

Question 35

reserve requriments

Answer 35

increase reserve requirements, raise discount rate for borrowing reserves, sell government securities in the open marketincrease reserve requirements, raise discount rate for borrowing reserves, sell government securities in the open market

Question 36

Socail Secuity Act

Answer 36

Social Security Act of 1935 created a federal insurance program based on the automatic collection of taxes from employees and employers throughout people's working careers. They would receive this money in a monthly pension when they reached the age of 65. The unemployed, disabled, and mothers with dependent children would also receive this money.

Question 37

systemic agenda

Answer 37

all issues that are commonly perceived by members of the political community as meriting public attention and as involving matters within the legitimate jurisdiction of existing governmental authority".

Question 38

vouchers

Answer 38

a small printed piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount or that may be exchanged for goods or services.