B-1 Flashcards
Give features of a mass transport system.
Maintains speed
vessles
transport medium
What makes water a dipolar molecule?
O is more electronegative than H so attracts the electron density in the covalent bond more strongly
Describe the structure of atria and ventricles
Atria= thin, elastic so they can stretch when filled with blood.
Ventricles= thick, muscular walls pump blood under high pressure. Left ventricle thicker than the right.
What happens during cardiac diastole?
The heart is relaxed. Blood enters the atria, increasing the pressure and pushing open the atrioventricular valves. This allows blood to flow into the ventricles. Semi lunar valves stay closed.
Why does blood need to clot?
- prevents blood loss
- prevents entry of harmful bacteria
- provides a framework for repair
Describe the process of blood clotting?
Platelets release thromboplastin in response to damage
Causes prothrombin to change into active thrombin
Turns soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin, forming a mesh that traps blood cells.
State the factors which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Genetics, age, gender, diet, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, physical activit, obesity.
Give the benefits and risks of antihypertensives.
increases volume of urine to get rid of excess fluids, lowers blood pressure
nausea, dizziness, arrythmia
Give teh benefits and risks of statins
lowers cholesterol
liver damage, memory loss, increased risk of diabetes
Give examples of disaccharides and their corresponding monosacharrides.
Maltose (glucose + glucose)
Sucrose (fructose + glucose)
Lactose (glucose + galactose)
Explain how a triglyceride is formed
One molecule of glycerol forms ester bonds with 3 fatty acids
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
saturated : no c=c bonds
unsaturated: c=c bonds
