B

Question 1

Who is the father of protozoology and bacteriology?

Answer 1

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

Question 2

Who is considered the father of modern microbiology and germ theory?

Answer 2

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 3

Who discovered mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 3

ROBERT KOCH

Question 4

Who introduced hand washing?

Answer 4

IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS

Question 5

Who introduced binomial classification?

Answer 5

CARL LINNAEUS

Question 6

Who introduced the use of phenol?

Answer 6

JOSEPH LISTER

Question 7

Who is the founder of penicillin?

Answer 7

ALEXANDER FLEMING

Question 8

Who discovered HIV?

Answer 8

GALLO & MONTAGNIER

Question 9

Who is believed to have brought syphilis to Europe?

Answer 9

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

Question 10

Who was the first to use agar as a solidifying agent?

Answer 10

FANNY HESSE (MOTHER OF MODERN MICROBIOLOGY)

Question 11

What is the ‘1st magic bullet’ founded for syphilis?

Answer 11

SALVARSAN

Question 12

What is a unique element in bacterial cell walls not found in eukaryotes?

Answer 12

DIAMINOPIMELIC ACID

Question 13

What is the somatic antigen found in gram-negative organisms?

Answer 13

O antigen

Question 14

What does Protein A prevent?

Answer 14

PHAGOCYTOSIS (S. AUREUS)

Question 15

What can M protein cause?

Answer 15

POSTSTREPTOCOCCAL SEQUELAE (ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER)

Question 16

Which bacteria possess mycolic acid (cord factor)?

Answer 16

MTB

Question 17

What are the two sugar components of the cell wall?

Answer 17

NAG/NAM (N-ACETYL-GLUCOSAMINE, N-ACETYL MURAMIC ACID)

Question 18

What type of cell wall has a thick peptidoglycan?

Answer 18

GRAM POSITIVE

Question 19

What do gram-positive cell walls have that stabilize the cell wall?

Answer 19

TEICHOIC acids with ENDOTOXIN-like properties

Question 20

Which gram-negative bacteria possess LOS?

Answer 20

“LIPOligosaccharide THE PIG” B. PERTUSSIS, H. INFLUENZAE, N. GONORRHOEAE

Question 21

What anchors the outer membrane to murein in gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 21

MUREIN LIPOPROTEIN

Question 22

Which types of bacteria don’t form L-forms?

Answer 22

MYCOPLASMA & UREAPLASMA (NO CELL WALL = NOTHING TO LOSE)

Question 23

What are gram-positive organisms generally susceptible to?

Answer 23

LYSOZYME and PENICILLIN

Question 24

Which bacteria have no sterols in their cell membranes except for?

Answer 24

MYCOPLASMA & UREAPLASMA (HAS CHOLESTEROL FOR STABILIZATION)

Question 25

What organism has a capsule made of polypeptide-D glutamic acid enhanced in increased CO2?

Answer 25

B. ANTHRACIS

Question 26

Which organism has a hyaluronic acid capsule?

Answer 26

P. MULTOCIDA

Question 27

What component is seen in P. aeruginosa capsule especially in cystic fibrosis patients?

Answer 27

ALGINATE

Question 28

What is a less organized slimy layer of bacteria called?

Answer 28

GLYCOCALYX

Question 29

What is visualized using mucicarmine stain and what color is the component visualized?

Answer 29

CAPSULE, PINK

Question 30

What is also known as the 'Capsular Swelling Test'?

Answer 30

NEUFELD-QUELLUNG TEST

Question 31

What type of pili induces gene exchange?

Answer 31

SEX PILI

Question 32

What inclusion bodies are seen in corynebacterium?

Answer 32

METACHROMATIC GRANULES / VOLUTIN / BABES ERNST

Question 33

What stain is used to visualize the inclusion bodies in corynebacterium?

Answer 33

PAI'S SLANT OR LOEFFLER'S SERUM SLANT

Question 34

Halberstaedter Prowazek inclusions are seen in which bacteria?

Answer 34

C. TRACHOMATIS

Question 35

What stain is used to visualize inclusion bodies brought by Chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 35

LUGOL'S IODINE

Question 36

Safety pin appearance are seen in

Answer 36

Y. pestis & P. multocida

Question 37

Stain used to visualize safety pin appearance

Answer 37

Wayson’s

Question 38

Inclusion bodies seen in Chlamydia psittaci

Answer 38

Levinthal Cole Lillie bodies

Question 39

Endospores are composed of

Answer 39

Calcium dipicolinate / dipicolinic acid

Question 40

Stains used to visualize endospores

Answer 40

Fulton Schaeffer, Dorner's

Question 41

Stain used to visualize flagella and what is its mordant

Answer 41

Leifson, Tannic acid

Question 42

Motility: Tumbling

Answer 42

Listeria

Question 43

Motility: Darting / Shooting star

Answer 43

Vibrio

Question 44

Motility: Gliding

Answer 44

Capnocytophaga

Question 45

Motility: Twitching

Answer 45

Kingella, Bartonella

Question 46

Motility: Swarming

Answer 46

Proteus

Question 47

Motility: Corkscrew

Answer 47

Spirochetes

Question 48

Most potent toxin of man

Answer 48

Botulinum ## Footnote 'Miracle poison'

Question 49

Organism that thrive on 7.5% NaCl (2 types)

Answer 49

Vibrio, Staph

Question 50

Organism that thrive on 6.5% NaCl

Answer 50

Enterococcus

Question 51

Most vibrio are halophilic; except

Answer 51

Cholerae & Mimicus

Question 52

Human blood is used for BAP and CAP for what organism

Answer 52

Gardnerella / Clue cells

Question 53

Organism that need VitB6 (Pyridoxal) for it to thrive

Answer 53

NVS / Nutritionally variant strep

Question 54

Organism that need amino acids

Answer 54

Cysteine = Legionella (Aircon) & Franciscella (Rabbit) ++N. Gonorrhoeae

Question 55

Organism that needs protein

Answer 55

Mycobacterium

Question 56

Temp req for Mesophilic

Answer 56

20-40 C

Question 57

Temp req for Most pathogens

Answer 57

37 C

Question 58

Temp req for Pseudomonas fluorescens and M. marinum

Answer 58

25-30 C

Question 59

Temp req for Thermophilic

Answer 59

50-60 C

Question 60

Temp req for C. jejuni, A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa

Answer 60

42 C

Question 61

Temp req for Psychrophilic

Answer 61

<10 C

Question 62

Organisms that are enhanced with cold enrichment (4degC)

Answer 62

Y. enterocolitica & L. monocytogenes

Question 63

Common contaminant of refrigerated blood products (PRBC)

Answer 63

Y. enterocolitica

Question 64

Common contaminant of non-refrigerated blood products (PC)

Answer 64

S. epidermidis

Question 65

Stenothermophilic (S = Short range) organisms

Answer 65

N. gono, N. meni

Question 66

Doderlein bacilli (L. acidophilus) is cultured best on

Answer 66

Tomato juice agar

Question 67

Alkaline peptone water is used for

Answer 67

Vibrio

Question 68

Best time to give antibiotics

Answer 68

Log / Exponential phase

Question 69

T/F: fermentation is more efficient than oxidation

Answer 69

False

Question 70

Obligate intracellular bacteria

Answer 70

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Ehrlichia

Question 71

Facultative intracellular bacteria

Answer 71

Brucella, Mycobacteria, Listeria, S. typhi, Legionella, Nocardia, Franciscella

Question 72

Most common agent of bacteremia

Answer 72

CONS

Question 73

A sample for blood culture is best collected during

Answer 73

The peak of the fever

Question 74

Most common contaminant of aerobic blood culture

Answer 74

S. epidermidis

Question 75

Most common contaminant of anaerobic blood culture

Answer 75

P. acnes

Question 76

Lysing agent of isolator system

Answer 76

Saponin

Question 77

Anti-foaming agent of isolator system

Answer 77

PEG

Question 78

T/F: the use of EDTA tube has no effect on blood culture

Answer 78

False

Question 79

T/F: Green top tubes are used for viral culture

Answer 79

True

Question 80

Incubation period for Brucella

Answer 80

6 weeks

Question 81

Swabs for bacterial culture

Answer 81

DACRON, CALCIUM ALGINATE ## Footnote Cotton is toxic to NEISSERIA

Question 82

Swabs for viral culture

Answer 82

DACRON, COTTON, RAYON ## Footnote Calcium alginate is toxic to ENVELOPED viruses

Question 83

Are both Viridans strep and Grp A strep clinically significant?

Answer 83

FALSE ## Footnote VIRIDANS = NORMAL FLORA

Question 84

Decontaminant for sputum sample

Answer 84

NaOH

Question 85

Digestant for sputum sample

Answer 85

NALC / N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE

Question 86

Media used for MTB culture made with egg white

Answer 86

LOWENSTEIN JENSEN

Question 87

What sample is used for the immunologic detection of MTB?

Answer 87

HEPARINIZED BLOOD

Question 88

Most common cause of meningitis in children and adults

Answer 88

S. PNEUMONIAE

Question 89

Most common cause of meningitis in older adults and neonates

Answer 89

LISTERIA

Question 90

Common cause of meningitis in infants

Answer 90

H. INFLUENZAE

Question 91

Most common cause of meningitis in infants and neonates

Answer 91

S. agalactiae

Question 92

Common cause of UTI among sexually active females

Answer 92

S. SAPROPHYTICUS

Question 93

Preservative for urine samples

Answer 93

BORIC ACID

Question 94

This organism can be detected in freshly passed watery stool

Answer 94

C. DIFFICILE

Question 95

Colony count is performed on what plate?

Answer 95

BAP

Question 96

Agents of culture negative UTI

Answer 96

"CUM" CHLAMYDIA, UREAPLASMA, M. HOMINIS

Question 97

BAP colonies appearance

Answer 97

yellow with slightly deeper colored center: E. COLI

Question 98

Bacteria causing acute conjunctivitis

Answer 98

"May MATA ka sa PAIC (PEYS = FACE)" S. PNEUMONIAE, S. AUREUS, H. INFLUENZAE, M. CATARRHALIS

Question 99

Bordet Gengou Agar is used for what organism?

Answer 99

BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS

Question 100

Media selective for neisseria

Answer 100

THAYER MARTIN, MODIFIED THAYER MARTIN, NYC AGAR

Question 101

Media selective for S. typhi

Answer 101

WILSON BLAIR (BSA)

Question 102

Selective and differential Media used for C. diphtheria

Answer 102

TINSDALE

Question 103

Are plastic inoculating loops preferred for oxidase testing?

Answer 103

FALSE ## Footnote PLATINUM LOOPS, APPLICATOR STICKS

Question 104

BSL-Pathogenic Agents: HIV

Answer 104

2

Question 105

BSL-Pathogenic Agents: Toxoplasma

Answer 105

2

Question 106

BSL-Pathogenic Agents: HBV

Answer 106

2

Question 107

BSL-Pathogenic Agents: Marburg virus

Answer 107

4

Question 108

BSL-Pathogenic Agents: Arenaviruses

Answer 108

4

Question 109

BSL-Pathogenic Agents: B. subtilis

Answer 109

1

Question 110

BSL-Pathogenic Agents: MTB

Answer 110

3

Question 111

Temperature for incineration

Answer 111

870-980 C

Question 112

Temperature for dry heat oven: 1.5-3hrs

Answer 112

160-180 C

Question 113

Temperature for dry heat oven: 16hrs

Answer 113

121 C

Question 114

Principle of autoclave

Answer 114

STEAM UNDER PRESSURE

Question 115

Type of sterilization applied in high protein media

Answer 115

INSPISSATION

Question 116

Most resistant infectious agent

Answer 116

PRIONS

Question 117

Mechanism of action of Ethylene oxide

Answer 117

ALKYLATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 118

All cocci are Gram + except

Answer 118

"NEVERMIND / NVM" NEISSERIA, VEILLONELLA, MORAXELLA

Question 119

All bacilli are Gram - except

Answer 119

"PaBiLE MC DNALD" PROPIONIBACTERIUM, BACILLUS, LACTOBACILLUS, ERYSIPELOTHRIX, MYCOBACTERIUM, CLOSTRIDIUM, CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE, NOCARDIA, ACTINOMYCES, LISTERIA, DIPHTHEROIDS*

Question 120

Used to confirm a suspected clostridium appearing as Gram -.

Answer 120

VANCOMYCIN DISK