B-cell immunity

Question 1

Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for:
A. Somatic hypermutation
B. Class switch

Answer 1

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Question 2

AID

Answer 2

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Question 3

SMH vs. Class switch recombination

Answer 3

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Question 4

Tetanus toxin trick

Answer 4

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Question 5

Role of FDC

Answer 5

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Question 6

T cell dependent vs. independent activation

Answer 6

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Question 7

3 methods by which antibodies mediate humoral immunity

Answer 7

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Question 8

Class switch changes
A. Variable region
B. Constant region

Answer 8

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Question 9

Somatic hypermutation changes
A. Variable region
B. Constant region

Answer 9

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Question 10

Routes of immunization and adjuvant for B-cell immunity

Answer 10

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Question 11

H-chain rearrangement during isotype switching…

Answer 11

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Question 12

Compare V(D)J recombination with isotype switching.

Answer 12

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Question 13

Compare and contrast primary and secondary immune responses

Answer 13

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Question 14

B-cell tumors are monoclonal and specific

Answer 14

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Question 15

Which of the following are activated in a T-cell independent fashion?
A. B-1 cells
B. Conventional B-2 cells
C. Marginal zone B cells
D. A and C

Answer 15

D. A and C

Question 16

Tetanus toxin trick to make it T-cell dependent response in infants…

Answer 16

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Question 17

What is Al(OH)3?

Answer 17

Aluminum hydroxide is an adjuvant that delays the release of antigen and enhances macrophage uptake.

Question 18

Patients deficient for AID will have which antibodies?
A. IgM only
B. IgG and IgA
C. IgG, IgA and IgE
D. none of the above

Answer 18

A. IgM only

Question 19

The enzyme AID is required for somatic hypermutation. Patients deficient for AID will have which antibodies?
A. IgM only
B. IgG and IgA
C. IgG, IgA and IgE
D. IgG only

Answer 19

A. IgM only

Question 20

After somatic hypermutation, B-cells with high affinity receptors receive survival signals upon binding on what cells?
A. Thymic epithelial cells
B. Follicular dendritic cells
C. Macrophages
D. Th cells

Answer 20

B. Follicular dendritic cells

Question 21

The switch from IgM to IgG requires all of the following EXCEPT:
A. AID
B. T-helper lymphocytes
C. Antigen presented on B-cell's MHC II
D. Antigen presented on B-cell MHC I

Answer 21

D. Ag presented on B-cell MHC 1 (its MHC II not 1!)

Question 22

Will B-memory cells be made against a polysaccharide antigen?

Answer 22

No, because it is T-cell independent. There is no cross-linking of CD40/40L which is necessary to activate the Th cell to produce IL4, 5, and 6 which promote somatic hypermutation and class switch in B-cells.

Question 23

Diagram the genetic events that lead to synthesis of alpha-heavy chains in IgA producing plasma cells..

Answer 23

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Question 24

Compare/contrast antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid.

Answer 24

Pneumococcal polysaccharide is T-cell independent, so predict IgM.

Tetanus toxoid is T-cell dependent so predict high affinity IgG, IgA, and IgE.

Question 25

Does Ig heavy chain class switching change the V region in that cell?

Answer 25

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Question 26

``` Which of the following maximize Ag immunogenicity? A. Small size B. Subcutaneous route of administration C. Soluble D. Rapid release adjuvant ```

Answer 26

B. Subcutaneous

Question 27

Which of the following are true for VDJ gene rearrangement? A. Need RSS and RAG1/2 B. Need AID C. Occurs in germinal center, as opposed to bone marrow and thymus D. changes light AND heavy chains

Answer 27

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Question 28

``` Compared to the primary response, the secondary response A. Happens faster B. Makes more antibody C. Makes primarily IgG D. All of the above ```

Answer 28

D. All of the above

Question 29

Where does isotype switch occur?

Answer 29

Germinal center

Question 30

``` Which of these do NOT occur in the germinal center? A. Somatic hypermutation B. Class switch recombination C. Development of memory B-cells D. VDJ rearrangement ```

Answer 30

D. VDJ rearrangement which the B-cell undergoes in the thymus or bone marrow.

Question 31

Which of the following creates a higher affinity antibody? A. VDJ rearrangement B. Isotype switch C. Somatic hypermutation

Answer 31

C. Somatic hypermutation

Question 32

``` Somatic hypermutation increases affinity of A. Heavy chain region B. Light chain region C. Constant region D. Both A and B ```

Answer 32

D. both A and B (the variable region is composed of heavy and light chain portions)

Question 33

How do antibodies contribute to recovery from viral infections?

Answer 33

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