B-Complex Vitamins

Question 1

6 B-complex deficiencies

Answer 1

1. loss of appetite (anorexia)
2. poor growth
3. emaciation
4. nervous disorders
5. dermatitis
6. anemia

Question 2

B1 deficiency recognized by the chinese in 2600 bc

Answer 2

Beriberi

Question 3

what year was thiamin synthesized

Answer 3

1936

Question 4

thiamin’s principle role

Answer 4

part of the coenzyme cocarboxylase

Question 5

TTP is the coenzyme for how many enzyme systems

Answer 5

at least 24

Question 6

in the absence of ____ decarboxylation reactions don’t occur at normal rate and pyruvuc acid & lactic acid accumulate in blood and tissues

Answer 6

thiamin

Question 7

6 deficiency symptoms of thiamin

Answer 7

1. Beriberi in man
2. polyneuritis
3. soft muscles
4. anorexia/loss of appetite
5. weight loss
6. bradycardia - lowered heart rate

Question 8

characterized by extensive damage to nervous and cardiovascular systems. Accompanied by severe muscle wasting (___ beriberi) or edema (___ berberi).

Answer 8

Berberi

• dry beriberi
• wet beriberi

Question 9

represents final stages of thiamin deficiency that is a result of or associated with:

1) accumulation of intermediates of CHO metabolism
2) peripheral nerve degeneration

Answer 9

polyneuritis

Question 10

2 principle factors influencing B1 requirements

Answer 10

1. carb intake

2. calorie intake

Question 11

true or false. B1 deficiency principally seen with chronic alcoholism

Answer 11

true

Question 12

thiamin is destroyed by what in the presence of moisture

Answer 12

heat

Question 13

thiamin is phosphorylated to TTP in what organ

Answer 13

liver

Question 14

what animal can store a 2 month supply of thiamin in its tissues

Answer 14

pig

Question 15

what allows ruminants to synthesize enough B1 from bacteria

Answer 15

a functional rumen

Question 16

what animal can synthesize B1 in the cecum and large intestine but still needs dietary intake

Answer 16

horse

Question 17

2 antivitamins of B1

Answer 17

pyrithiamine and thiaminase

Question 18

sources of B1 (thiamin)

Answer 18

plants (mainly)
yeast
mold
leaves of grasses
germ of cereal grains
seed coats of grains
pork has 100x more than beef

Question 19

higher plants, yeast, fungi, and some bacteria make ____

Answer 19

B2 (riboflavin)

Question 20

the 2 coenzymes of riboflavin

Answer 20

1. FMN - flavin mononucleotide - 1 phosphate group

2. FAD - flavin adenine dinucleotide - 2 phosphate groups

Question 21

plays an essential role in release of food energy and assimilation of nutrients

Answer 21

riboflavin

Question 22

6 riboflavin deficiencies

Answer 22

1. decreased growth
2. alopecia or hair loss in rats
3. opaque cornea or cataracts in humans
4. curled tow paralysis in chicks (walk on hocks & toes curled inwards)
5. low egg production & hatchability
6. skin & eye symptoms in man

Question 23

roughened skin and furrows around the mouth

Answer 23

cheilosis

Question 24

due to over activity of sebaceous or oil glands; results in waxy dermatitis of eyes, ear lobes, and mouth

Answer 24

dermatitis

Question 25

increased blood vessels in eye

Answer 25

corneal vascularization

Question 26

where is riboflavin phosphorylated

Answer 26

intestinal wall

Question 27

sources of riboflavin

Answer 27

``` higher plants yeast (richest source) - and milk fungi some bacteria ruminants eggs liver kidney muscle whey & distillers solubles ```

Question 28

when pyridoxine was first synthesized

Answer 28

1939 - Harris & Folker

Question 29

two forms of pyridoxine discovered what year

Answer 29

1945

Question 30

two forms of pyridoxine

Answer 30

pyridoxal | pyridoxamine

Question 31

results in substantial loss of pyridoxine

Answer 31

sterilization of milk products

Question 32

active forms of pyridoxine

Answer 32

``` pyridoxal phosphate (more active one) pyridoxamine phosphate ```

Question 33

after absorbed the forms of pyridoxine are phosphorylated where

Answer 33

liver

Question 34

pyridoxal phosphate serves as coenzyme for enzyme systems concerned with ____ metabolism

Answer 34

protein (amino acid metabolism)

Question 35

process that provides for synthesis of non-essential amino acids & important system in animal tissues

Answer 35

transamination

Question 36

pyridoxal phosphate serves as coenzyme in what process that decarboxylates several amino acids

Answer 36

decarboxylation

Question 37

pyridoxal phosphate involved of synthesis of _____ from the amino acid _____.

Answer 37

niacin; tryptophan

Question 38

true or false: pyridoxal phosphate influences intestinal transport and tissue uptake of amino acids.

Answer 38

true

Question 39

2 antivitamins of pyridoxine

Answer 39

desoxypyridoxine and isoniazid

Question 40

5 pyridoxine (B6) deficiencies

Answer 40

1. growth failure and acrodynia 2. urinary calcui - cattle 3. anemia - dogs, pigs, rats 4. convulsions or epileptic seizures 5. slow growth and suppressed appetite

Question 41

characterized by dermatitis of tails, ears, mouth, and paws that's accompanied by edema

Answer 41

acrodynia

Question 42

sources of pyridoxine

Answer 42

``` yeast liver muscle meat milk cereal grains ```

Question 43

b-complex are ___ soluble vitamins produced in the cecum and large intestine of the horse.

Answer 43

water

Question 44

are B-vitamins dietary essentials for ruminants only? Horses? Cats?

Answer 44

ruminants only - No horses - Yes cats - Yes

Question 45

What vitamin is known to have a higher requirement in high protein diets because of its involvement in protein metabolism?

Answer 45

B6

Question 46

There is essentially no storage of the B-complex vitamins; therefore, a daily intake is essential. The pig is an exception, however, with regard to one of the B-vitamins in that a two month supply is stored in the tissues. What is this vitamin?

Answer 46

thiamin