B1

Question 1

calculation for magnification

Answer 1

I = A x M
Image = mm
Actual = micrometers
Magnification = X

Question 2

Cell membrane function

Answer 2

barrier: controls what goes into the cell

Question 3

Nucleus function

Answer 3

controls the cell

Question 4

cytoplasm function

Answer 4

where chemical reactions take place

Question 5

mitochondria function

Answer 5

where respiration takes place

Question 6

ribosome function

Answer 6

produces protein for the cell

Question 7

chloroplast function

Answer 7

to carry out photosynthesis

Question 8

vacuole function

Answer 8

keeps the shape of the cell, storage

Question 9

cell wall function

Answer 9

provides support for the cell

Question 10

what is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 10

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not

Question 11

what cells are eukaryotic

Answer 11

plant cells and animal cells

Question 12

what cells are prokaryotic?

Answer 12

bacteria cells

Question 13

list some features exclusive to prokaryotic cells

Answer 13

slime capsule,
flagella,
plasmids,

Question 14

what is a specialised cell

Answer 14

a cell that is adapted to perform an specific job

Question 15

root hair cell function

Answer 15

absorb water and minerals from soil

Question 16

list some features of root hair cells

Answer 16

large surface area to absorb more water.
the only plant cells without a chloroplast

Question 17

what is diffusion

Answer 17

the process of particles moving down the concentration grade from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. this is a passive process

Question 18

what factors can increase the rate of diffusion?

Answer 18

temperature.
size of particles.
distance of diffusion.

Question 19

what is osmosis

Answer 19

the movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane. passive process.

Question 20

explain the term partially permeable

Answer 20

a membrane that is permeable to the small molecules of water, but does not allow large solute molecules to permeate

Question 21

define the term validity

Answer 21

the extent to which a measurement or study measures what it purports to measure

Question 22

what is the equation for %change

Answer 22

final / initial x 100

Question 23

what is active transport

Answer 23

the movement of minerals against the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy

Question 24

why does active transport require energy?

Answer 24

it is working against the concentration gradient and needs energy to rotate the protein transporting the solute.

Question 25

the chemical that the cell wall is made of

Answer 25

cellulose

Question 26

in which type of animal cell would you find a lot of mitochondria

Answer 26

muscle cells, because they are more mobile and need more energy

Question 27

resolution definition

Answer 27

a measure of the ability to distinguish between two separate points that are very close together

Question 28

how many micrometers in 1mm

Answer 28

1000 micrometers

Question 29

how many nanometers in 1 micrometer

Answer 29

1000 nanometers

Question 30

features that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells SHARE

Answer 30

genetic material, cytoplasm & cell membrane

Question 31

features that make sperm cells specialised

Answer 31

long tale to swim to egg. enzymes in the head of the sperm to penetrate the egg.

Question 32

how are nerve cells adapted?

Answer 32

it has lots of dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells

Question 33

how are muscle cells adapted?

Answer 33

contains special proteins that slide over each other, making the fibres contract.

Question 34

equation for rate of reaction

Answer 34

rate = 1/t - time taken

Question 35

equation for percentage change

Answer 35

100 x (change in mass/ initial mass)

Question 36

in what cell would you find a lot of mitochondria? why?

Answer 36

muscle cells, because they require a lot of energy, so they need to respire more

Question 37

describe how water moves from roots to the leaves

Answer 37

by transpiration stream in xylem