B1

Question 1

What is active transport

Answer 1

The movement of dissolved molecules in or out of a cell through the cell membrane. Area of low to high concentrstion. Against the concentrstion gradient. Using Energy released from respiration.

Question 2

Label a plant cell

Answer 2

Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
Permanent vacuole
Cell wall
Mitochondrion
Cell membraine
Ribosomes.

Question 3

Label an animal cell

Answer 3

Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane.

Question 4

Function of the nucleus

Answer 4

Stores DNA and co ordinates cells activities.

Question 5

Function of the chloroplasts ( plant cell )

Answer 5

Produce energy through photosynthesis. Responsible for biosynthesis of active compounds ( amino acids) ( lipids) etc.

Question 6

Function of the cell wall ( plant cell )

Answer 6

Provides protection against osmotic stress.

Question 7

Function of the cytoplasm

Answer 7

Responsible for holding parts of a cell and protecting them from damage.

Question 8

Function of the Permanent vacuole ( plant cell )

Answer 8

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.

Question 9

Function of the mitochondria

Answer 9

Generate chemical energy for biochemical reactions. Chemical energy stored in ATP.
Site of aerobic cellular respiration.

Question 10

What does ATP stand for.

Answer 10

Adenosine triphosphate.

Question 11

Function of the cell membrane

Answer 11

Semipermeable lipid bilayer. Regulates transport in and out the cell.

Question 12

Function of ribosomes

Answer 12

Made of RNA and protien. The site of protein synthesis in the cell. Amino acids grow into long chains forming proteins.

Question 13

What is osmosis

Answer 13

The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane. From a dilute to concentrated solution. ( High to low concentrstion of water ) down the concentrsion gradient.

Question 14

Hypertonic ( osmosis )

Answer 14

A solution that is more concentrated than the cell contents.

Question 15

Hypotonic ( osmosis )

Answer 15

A solution that is less concentrsted than the cell contents.

Question 16

Isotonic ( osmosis )

Answer 16

A solution that is the same concentration as the cell contents.

Question 17

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 17

Cells from eukaryotes. Have a cell membrane. Cytoplasm. And genetic material stored in a nucleus.

Question 18

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 18

cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, and a cell wall that does not contain cellulose. The genetic material is a DNA loop that is free in the cytoplasm and not enclosed by a nucleus. Sometimes there are one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.

NO NUCLEUS.

Question 19

partially permeable membrane

Answer 19

a membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through.

Question 20

Phloem

Answer 20

The living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved foods ( sugars ) around the plant.

Question 21

Xylem

Answer 21

The non living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots into the leaves and shoots.

Question 22

Plasmolysis

Answer 22

The state of plant cells when too much water is released from osmosis so the that the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink and the membrane pulls away from the cell.

Question 23

Resolving power

Answer 23

A measure of the ability to distinquish between two seperate points that are very close together.

Question 24

Sperm

Answer 24

The male sex cells or gametes that carry the genetic matierial from the male parent.

Question 25

Stomata

Answer 25

Openings in the leaves of plants. Opened and closed by guard cells. Allowing gases to enter and leave the leafs.

Question 26

How to work out magnification

Answer 26

Magnificstion = size of image / size of real object.

Question 27

Whats the difference between magnificstion and resolution

Answer 27

Magnification is the ability to make small objects seem larger. Resolution is the ability to distinguish two objects from each other.

Question 28

Compare and contrast light and electron microscope

Answer 28

light microscopes are used to study living cells and for regular use when relatively low magnification and resolution is enough. electron microscopes provide higher magnifications and higher resolution images but cannot be used to view living cells.

Question 29

When might you use an electron microscope

Answer 29

to investigate the ultra structure of a wide range of biological specimens including microorganisms, cells, large molecules, metals.

Question 30

Comparing cell by magnitude

Answer 30

Divide larger magnitude my smaller magnitude (also width / diameter )to work out the total amount of times bigger on cell is than the other.

Question 31

Describe the function of muscle cells in the wall of the stomach

Answer 31

It squeezes the stomach walls together to help move partly digested food into the small bowel.

Question 32

Suggest why the ribosomes cannot be seen through a light microscope.

Answer 32

The ribosomes are too small for the maximum magnificstion of s light microscope.