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Biology Paper 1 > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

1
Q

Lable parts of bacteria cell

A

Plasmids, flagella, cytoplasm, cell wall, ribosomes, cellmembrane, single long strand of dna

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2
Q

Lable yeast cell

A

Mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm, ribesome

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3
Q

What is function of nucleus

A

Contains DNA. Controls activity of the cell

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4
Q

What is cytoplasm function

A

Where chemical reactions occur

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5
Q

What does cell membrane do

A

Control what goes in and out of the cell

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6
Q

What does mitochondria do

A

Sight of respiration. Where energy is released from

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7
Q

What does ribosomes do

A

Where protein synthesis occurs

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8
Q

What does cell wall do

A

Keeps cell turgid. Made out of cellulose

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9
Q

What does chloroplasts do

A

Contains cholorphyl which Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

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10
Q

What does vacuole do

A

Contains cell sap. Keeps cell turgid

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11
Q

What are the 3 main differences between animal cell and plant cell

A

Plant dell have vacuole, animal doesn’t, plant cell have chloroplast animal doesn’t, plant cell has cell wall, animal doesnt

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12
Q

What is magnification

A

How big/ zoomed in a picture is

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13
Q

What is resolution

A

Ability to distinguish between 2 points, how clear something is

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14
Q

Name 2 types of microscopes

A

Electron, light

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15
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Magnification= image(printed on paper) dividied by actual size

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16
Q

How do you convert mm into ym

A

Times by 1000

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17
Q

What does coarse focusing wheel do

A

Roughly focus cells by moving stage up and down

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18
Q

What does fine focusing wheel do

A

Makes cells resolution higher

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19
Q

What does objective lense do

A

Contolls magnification of cells

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20
Q

What is a specialised cell

A

A cells that has an adaptation that helps them to carry out its particular function

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21
Q

What are the parts of sperm cell anfehst is it’s function

A

Contains enzymes in head to help break into egg, nucleus in head, mitochondria provide energy, tail help pswim to egg

22
Q

Lable parts of muscle cell and mention its function

A

Cytoplasm, mitochondria help contract and relax of muscles, cell membrane, protein fibres which change size to help muscles contract since they strech
Function: contract and relax

23
Q

Lable root hair cell and mention its function

A

Nucleus, vacuole, cell wall, cellmembrane, root hair give large surface area. Does Co twin chloroplast coz it doesn’t need it
Function: Absorb water and ion nutrients from the soil

24
Q

Lable parts of xylem

A

Hollow and made of dead cells to let water pa’s through, thick wall contains lignin, one way flow of sap, no end walls between, transpiration- water lost from leaves through fragments
Function: transport water up the plant

25
Q

LAble parts of phloem name function

A

Thin walls made of cellulose, made of living cells, supported by companion. Cells, seive plates allow sugar and amino acids move up and down
Function: transport food and dispvles sugars up and down the plant

26
Q

As organism develops, cells differentiate into different types of cells. When can an animal cell differentiate?

A

Ability to differentiate is then lost at an early stage after becoming specialised

27
Q

In mature animals, cell devision is mainly restricted to 2 things. What are they?

A

Reparing cells and replacing cells

28
Q

How many chromosomes in body cell

A

46

29
Q

How many chromosomes in sex cell

A

23

30
Q

What is a haploid

A

Half number of cell eg: egg and sperm cell

31
Q

What is a diploid

A

Full amount chromosomes eg: body cell

32
Q

Why is cell devision by mitosis important

A
  • growth and development eg: multicellular organsims
  • repair and replacement of cells
  • asexual reproduction
33
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An undifferentiated cell that has the ability to become specialised

34
Q

What are 3 types of stem cells

A

Adult, embryonic, plant

35
Q

What is the function of embryonic stem cell

A

Differentiate into any specialised stem cell

36
Q

What is function of adult stem cell

A

Differentiate into red blood cells white blood cells and platelet blood cells

37
Q

And is the function of plant cells

A

Differentiate into any specialised plant cell

38
Q

What 2 conditions can stem cells help with

A

Diabetes, paralysis

39
Q

In therapeutic cloning, an bryo is produced with the same genes as the patient. Name advantages and disadvantages of this

A

Advantage:
. clone tissue/organ/flesh
. many cells produced
. cure disiease/contition
. reduce waiting time for organ transplant
. can be used for research
. unlikely be rejected by patient
Disadvantages: shortage of donor
. kills life
. don’t know risks and side effects of procedure
. poor success rate
. may transfer viral infection

40
Q

Advantages and disadvantages for using stem cells in plants

A

Advantages: clone crops- cheaper and easier, clone rare species of plants so they do not go extinct, crop plants with special features such as disease resistant

41
Q

How are surfaces addaptef for effecient gas exchange

A

Large surgace area, thin wall for short diffusion path way, good blood supply for maintaining concentration gradient

42
Q

How does gas exchange occur in the lungs

A
  • there is a high concentration gradient of oxygen in the alvioli. Low concentration of ogygens in red blood cells. Ogygens diffuses from alvioli into the RBC.
    *high concentration carbon dioxide in RBC, low concentration in alvioli. Carbon dioxide diffuses from RBC to alvioli.
    Addaptations: lots of alvioli, large surface area, good blood suply
43
Q

What occurs in small intestine

A

Nutrients that were broken down by enzyme in the small intestine are absorbed into the bloodstream.
Adaptation: villi/micro villi for large surgace area, thin walls, good blood suply

44
Q

Explain process do how gass diffuses in and out of leaves

A

*high concentration of carbon dioxide outside leaf. Low conectraion of carbon dioxide in the leaf. Carbon dioxide diffuses from outside to inside leaf
*high concentration oxygen in leaf. Low concentration outside leaf. Oxygen diffuse from inside to outside
*adaptaions: flatshape- large surface area, stomata open and close contolled by guard cells which control gass exchange

45
Q

How diffusion of gasses occur in fish gills

A

There is oxygen in water. High conectration oxygen in water. Low concentration in fish blood. Oxyege diffuse from water to fish blood through gills.
High conectration carbon dioxide in fish blood. Low concentration in water. Go from fish to water.
Addaptations: gills have Gill filememt which have lamaliea which increase surface area. Thin wall. Good blood supply. Water go in one direction blod go in the other direction maintaining concentration gradient

46
Q

What is osmosis

A

Water molecules go from area of high concentration to area of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane

47
Q

Difine active transport. What is needed for it.

A

Particles move from area of low concentration to area of high concentration. Energy is required for this

48
Q

How do you set up a microscope?

A

. Put slide on stage and secure with clips
. Turn objective lense to the lowest power (x4) because it gives the biggest field of view
. Turn the course focusing wheel to focus the cells roughly
. Turn the fine focusing wheel to bring cells into clear focus
. Change objective lense to higher power like x10 or x40

49
Q

How do you prepare an onion slide

A

. Put one drop of water on a microscope slide
. Peel of thin layer of epidermis tissue from inner surface of the onion using tweezers
. Put this thin layer onto the drop of water onto the slide
. Put one or two drops of iodine solution onto the onion tissue
. Carefully lower coverslip onto slide, using a mounting needle to prevent air bubbles

50
Q

Explain bacterial division

A

. Bacteria are prkaryote so there DNA are not enclosed in a nuclues
. Bacteria multilpys by simple cell division
. One bacterial cell divides into 2 bacteria cells (binary fission)
. Bacteria carry out binary fission every 20 minutes as long as they have enough nutrients and temuratures ae sustainable

Biology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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