B1

Question 1

Name the independent variable in the osmosis and potato RP

Answer 1

Concentration

Question 2

Name the dependent variable in the osmosis and potato RP

Answer 2

Change in mass

Question 3

Name the control variable in the osmosis and potato RP

Answer 3

Temperature
Time

Question 4

What is the role and adaptation of a sperm cell?

Answer 4

Role: transport male DNA to the female DNA
Adaptation: long tail, lots of mitochondria for energy

Question 5

What is the role and adaptation of a nerve cell?

Answer 5

Role: send electrical impulses around the body
Adaptation: long to cover more distance, branched connections to connect in a network

Question 6

What is the role and adaptation of a muscle cell?

Answer 6

Role: contract quickly
Adaptation: long, lots of mitochondria for energy

Question 7

What is the role and adaptation of a root hair cell?

Answer 7

Role: absorb water from soil
Adaptation: large surface area to absorb more water

Question 8

What is the role and adaptation of a phloem?

Answer 8

Role: transport substances around the plant
Adaptation: cells are long and joined end-to-end

Question 9

What is the role and adaptation of a xylem?

Answer 9

Role: transport water through the plant
Adaptation: hollow center, strengthened with lignin

Question 10

What’s the difference between an electronic microscope and a light microscope?

Answer 10

Electronic microscope:
more expensive
higher resolution
need training to use
can see sub-cellular structures

Light microscope:
cheaper
lower resolution
don’t need training to see
can’t see sub-cellular structures

Question 11

How do you convert millimeters to micrometers?

Answer 11

Multiply by 1000

Question 12

Give 2 examples of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 12

Animal cell
Plant cell

Question 13

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 13

Bacteria

Question 14

Describe an animal cell

Answer 14

Nucleus (genetic material)
Ribosomes (proteins)
Mitochondria (aerobic respiration)
Cell membrane (controls what goes in and out)
Cytoplasm (chemical reactions)

Question 15

What features does ONLY a plant cell have?

Answer 15

Rigid cell wall (support)
Vacuole (cell sap)
Chloroplasts (photosynthesis)

Question 16

Describe a bacterial cell

Answer 16

Cell wall
Single strand of DNA
Cell membrane
Plasmids
Cytoplasm

Question 17

Define differentiation

Answer 17

A cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 18

What is a sperm cell specialised for?

Answer 18

Reproduction

Question 19

What is a nerve cell specialised for?

Answer 19

Rapid signaling

Question 20

What is a muscle cell specialised for?

Answer 20

Contraction

Question 21

What is a root hair cell specialised for?

Answer 21

Absorbing water and minerals

Question 22

What are xylem and phloem specialised for?

Answer 22

Transporting water and substances

Question 23

Where is genetic material contained?

Answer 23

Chromosomes

Question 24

How many PAIRS of chromosomes are there in a human cell?

Answer 24

23

Question 25

Define osmosis

Answer 25

The movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 26

Define active transport

Answer 26

The movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration (against a concentration gradient)

Question 27

Name 5 sub-cellular structures that BOTH plant and animal cells have

Answer 27

Nucleus Cell wall Cytoplasm Ribosomes Mitochondria

Question 28

What are the 3 stages in the cell cycle?

Answer 28

1. Replication of DNA and organelles 2. Mitosis 3. Cell divides

Question 29

What does the DNA need to do in the cell cycle before it divides?

Answer 29

Duplicate

Question 30

What are the two sources of human stem cells?

Answer 30

Adult bone marrow Embryos

Question 31

Name 2 uses of stem cells

Answer 31

Repair of blood cells Making brain cells Repairing pancreas

Question 32

Why are some people against stem cells?

Answer 32

People feel it's unethical because stem cells come from embryos - deterring potential life

Question 33

How is the lungs adapted for gaseous exchange?

Answer 33

Large surface area Moist lining Thick supply of blood Thin walls

Question 34

Name the structure in the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream

Answer 34

Villi

Question 35

What does 'semi-permeable' mean?

Answer 35

Only small molecules (water) can pass through - not salt or sugar

Question 36

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Answer 36

Control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 37

Where does protein synthesis occur?

Answer 37

Ribosomes

Question 38

What is the role of the cell wall?

Answer 38

Strengthens and supports the cell

Question 39

What is the role of the vacuole?

Answer 39

Keeps the cell firm

Question 40

What are the 3 stages involved in the cell cycle?

Answer 40

Stage 1: DNA replication and sub-cellular structures increase in number Stage 2: One set of chromosomes are pulled to each end of the cell Stage 3: Cytoplasm and cell membrane divides to form two cells