B1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is being healthy?
Being free of any infection or disease
What is being fit?
A measure of how well you can perform physical tasks
What are the factors that can increase a persons blood pressure?
Smoking
Being overweight
Stress
Drinking too much alcohol
What is more likely to happen if a person has high blood pressure?
Having a heart attack
Having a stroke
Suffering from kidney damage
How can low blood pressure cause health problems?
It causes poor circulation
The tissues don’t get all the food and oxygen they need
How does smoking increase a persons blood pressure?
Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin in the red blood cells restricting the amount of oxygen they can carry, therefore the heart rate has to increase so that the tissues can get enough oxygen, which increases the blood pressure
Nicotine also increases the heart rate as the heart contracts more often, increasing the blood pressure
How can saturated fats increase the blood pressure?
The liver makes cholesterol out of saturated fats which is then carried in the blood and deposited in the artery walls. This narrows the arteries, restricting the blood flow. This makes the blood pressure increase as the blood has to be forced through the narrower gap
How can high salt levels increase a persons blood pressure?
Eating too much salt can cause high blood pressure. High blood pressure increases the risk of damage to the arteries
What is thrombosis?
A blood clot
What are the essential nutrients the body needs?
Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Water (Fibre)
Why do we need to eat carbohydrates?
Where is it stored?
To give us energy
It is stored in the liver as glycogen or converted to fats
Why do we need to eat proteins?
For growth and repair
Why do we need to eat fat?
Where is it stored?
To give us energy
It is stored under the skin and around the organs
Why do we need to drink water?
To prevent dehydration
To replace any lost water through tears, urine, faeces
Why do we need to eat vitamins and minerals?
Vitamin C (a vitamin) prevents scurvy Iron (a mineral) makes haemoglobin
How do you calculate the EAR (estimated average requirement) for protein?
EAR in g = 0.6 x body mass in kg
What happens if a person does not get enough protein?
Kwashiorkor disease- children in developing countries get it, they have very this arms and legs and a swollen stomach. Their bodies can’t fight infections very well
What are the health risks of being obese?
Heart disease
Diabetes
Arthrisis
Breast cancer
How do you calculate a person BMI?
Body mass in kg divided by height in metres, squared
What are the four types of pathogens?
Fungi - e.g athletes foot
Bacteria - e.g cholera
Virus - e.g flu
Protozoa - e.g dysentery
What are infectious diseases caused by?
Microorganisms
What are non-infectious diseases caused by?
Vitamin deficiency (e.g scurvy) Mineral deficiency (e.g anaemia) Body disorder (e.g diabetes) Genetic inheritance (e.g colour blindness)
How is cancer caused?
Body cells dividing out of control
What is a tumour?
An abnormal mass of body cells
