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Biology B1 > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What are the five food groups?

A 
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Fibre
Vitamins and Minerals
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2
Q

Which two food groups release energy?

A

Carbs and Fats

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3
Q

What is the job of Fibre?

A

To keep everything moving smoothly in your digestive system

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4
Q

What is your metabolism?

A

Chemical reactions in the body

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5
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

The speed at which chemical reactions occur in the body

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6
Q

What are 5 Factors which effect your metabolic rate?

A 
Amount of muscle or fat
size
gender
genetics
exercise
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7
Q

If you do a more active job you need more….

A

Energy

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8
Q

When is a person malnourished?

A

When their diet is out of balance

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9
Q

Excess carbohydrates or fat causes?

A

Obesity

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10
Q

Name four health problems that can arise from being obese

A 
Arthritis
Type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Heart Disease
Also some kinds of cancer
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11
Q

Too much saturated fat causes what?

A

Increased blood cholesterol

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12
Q

Too much salt causes what?

A

High blood pressure and Heart problems

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13
Q

Name 4 problems caused by missing food groups in a diet

A

slow growth, fatigue, poor resistance to infection and irregular periods in women

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14
Q

What does a lack of vitamin C causes?

A

Scurvy

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15
Q

What does exercise boost?

A

metabolic rate

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16
Q

What inherited factor causes a low metabolic rate?

A

Underactive Thyroid gland

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17
Q

What two things help you loss weight?

A

eat less fat or carbs (take in less energy)

Do more exercise (use more energy)

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18
Q

What are the two main types of pathogen?

A

Bacteria and Viruses

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19
Q

What size are bacteria compared to body cells?

A

1/100th

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20
Q

What size are viruses compared to bacterium

A

1/100th

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21
Q

What two things do bacteria do to make you feel ill?

A

Damage your cells and produce toxins

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22
Q

How do viruses do to damage your cells?

A

replicate themselves by invading a cell and using the cells machinery to produce copies, the cell then breaks and release all the new viruses

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23
Q

What three things in your respiratory tract help defend against diseases?

A

Skin, Hairs and mucus

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24
Q

What does platelets do to seal cuts?

A

They clot

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25
What are the three ways white blood cells destroy microbes?
Consume them, produce Antibodies, produce Antitoxins
26
What are antibodies?
Proteins
27
What does the MMR vaccine protect against?
Measles, mumps and rubella
28
What do vaccines contain?
Dead or inactive versions of a microorganism
29
What do vaccines allow your white blood cells to do?
learn what antibodies to produces for that type of microorganism
30
What are two positives to vaccination?
Help to control infectious diseases, can prevent epidemics
31
What are two negatives to vaccination?
Don't always work, can cause bad reactions
32
Name three ways your immune system defends your body against disease
Skin, hair and mucus in your respiratory tract platelets clot the blood to seal wounds White blood cells consume, produce antibodies and antitoxins
33
Name a bacteria which has developed resistance to the flu
MRSA
34
What practice did Semmelweis introduce in the 1840s?
Washing hands with antiseptics
35
Describe the structure of the CNS and what it does
Consists of the brain and spinal cord. Coordinates the responses and is sent all the information in the body
36
What is the purpose of a reflex arc?
Helps to prevent injury
37
Where would you find the smell receptor?
Nose
38
Where would you find the pressure receptor?
Skin
39
Describe the pathway of a reflex arc
``` Stimulus is detected by receptor impulse sent along a sensory neurone crosses a synapse with the relay neurone synapse between relay and motor neurone impulse reaches the effector response ```
40
Explain how a synapse works
Nerve signal is transferred to chemicals chemical diffuse across the gap chemicals set off a new electrical signal to the next neurone
41
What is a synapse?
Connection between two neurones
42
Define hormone
Chemical messages which travel in the blood to activate target cells
43
If a action is fast and lasts for a short amount of time is it a nerve or hormone?
Nerve
44
If a action is slow and acts for a long amount of time is it nerve or hormone?
Hormones
45
Name two glands where hormones are secreted from
Pituitary gland and Ovaries
46
What hormones does the pituitary gland secrete?
FSH and LH
47
What three hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle?
FSH, Oestrogen and LH
48
What two things does FSH do?
Causes eggs to mature and stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
49
What two things does Oestrogen do?
Cases the pituitary gland to produce LH and inhibits the release of FSH
50
What does LH do?
Stimulates the release of an egg at around the middle of the menstrual cycle
51
What is a positive to the Contraceptive pill?
99% effective at preventing pregnancy and reduces the risk of some cancer
52
What is a negative to the contraceptive pill?
Isn't 100% effective, can cause side effects and doesn't protect against STDs
53
What does the combined pill contain?
Oestrogen and progesterone
54
What is one way to increase fertility?
Injection containing FSH and LH
55
Explain IVF
Eggs are collected after injections of FSH and LH have increased the woman's egg production and fertilised with the mans sperm in a lab, once the embryos are tiny balls of cells they are transferred to the woman's uterus.
56
Name a plant growth hormone
Auxin
57
How does Auxin cause shoots to grow towards light and roots to grow towards gravity?
In shoots auxin increases growth so it collects on the shaded side so the shoot curves towards the light. IN roots auxin inhibits grow, so it collects on the bottom of the root and stops it from growing so it curves down into the earth.
58
What does homeostasis mean?
Constant internal environment
59
What is ion content regulated by?
Kidneys
60
What is body temperature regulated by?
The brain
61
What hormone regulates blood sugar level?
Insulin

Biology B1 (1 decks)

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