B1

Question 1

what are eukaryotes

Answer 1

eg. animals and plants
made from complex cells called eukaryotic cells
contain sub-cellular structures

Question 2

what are prokaryotes

Answer 2

eg: bacteria
smaller simpler cells called prokaryotic cells
contain sub-cellular structures

Question 3

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 3

control cells activities

Question 4

name the structures within eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

animal: nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell membrane
plant: rigid cell wall, chloroplasts, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell membrane

Question 5

name the structures within a prokaryotic cell

Answer 5

bacteria: chromosomal DNA, plasmids, cell membrane

Question 6

3 types of microscopes

Answer 6

light microscopes
electron microscopes
transmission electron microscopes

Question 7

name the 7 parts of a light microscope

Answer 7

eyepiece lens
objective lens
stage
clip
handle
lamp
focussing knobs

Question 8

what’s the formula for total magnification

Answer 8

total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 9

formula to work out the magnification of an image

Answer 9

magnification = image size / real size

Question 10

what is DNA

Answer 10

contains all the genetic material
arranged into chromosomes
divided into short sections called genes
double helix

Question 11

what are the complementary base pairs

Answer 11

A-T

C-G

Question 12

structure of a nucleotide

Answer 12

consists of a phosphate, sugar and a base

Question 13

what is a polymer

Answer 13

large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers

Question 14

what do enzymes do

Answer 14

speed up reactions without being changed or used up themselves

Question 15

what is the risk if the temperature gets raised too high in a reaction

Answer 15

cells could get damaged

Question 16

what is another name for enzyme

Answer 16

biological catalysts

Question 17

what is a substrate

Answer 17

the molecule changed in a reaction

Question 18

what is an active site

Answer 18

the part where it joins on to its substrate to catalyse the reaction

Question 19

what Does denatured mean

Answer 19

loses its shape, the substrate doesn’t fit

Question 20

what is the optimum temperature for humans

Answer 20

37 degrees Celsius

Question 21

the ……… the substrate concentration the ……….. the reaction

Answer 21

higher

faster

Question 22

what is respiration

Answer 22

the process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose

Question 23

what is glucose used to make

Answer 23

ATP

Question 24

what are the two types of respiration

Answer 24

aerobic and anaerobic

Question 25

what is the equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 25

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water | C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 26

does anaerobic respiration use oxygen?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

anaerobic produces How much molecules of ATP

Answer 27

2

Question 28

anaerobic respiration equation for animals

Answer 28

glucose -> lactic acid

Question 29

anaerobic respiration equation for plants and fungi

Answer 29

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 30

what are biological molecules

Answer 30

molecules found in living organisms things like carbohydrates proteins and lipids. generally long complex molecules made up of smaller basic units

Question 31

what do carbohydrates contain

Answer 31

carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Question 32

what do amino acids contain

Answer 32

carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 33

what do lipids contain

Answer 33

carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Question 34

what are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 34

simple sugars eg fructose and glucose

Question 35

what are proteins made from

Answer 35

amino acids

Question 36

what are proteins broke down by

Answer 36

enzymes in the stomach

Question 37

what are lipids broken down by

Answer 37

enzymes in small intestine

Question 38

what is a gene

Answer 38

a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

Question 39

what is respiration

Answer 39

the process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose

Question 40

is respiration an exo or endo reaction

Answer 40

exothermic reaction

Question 41

name the type of respiration that requires oxygen

Answer 41

aerobic respiration

Question 42

give an example of when lactic acid would be produced as a product of respiration

Answer 42

when animals respire anaerobically

Question 43

which form of respiration transfers more energy per glucose molecule

Answer 43

aerobic respiration

Question 44

briefly describe an experiment to show that carbon dioxide is a product of respiration

Answer 44

put hydrogen carbonate indicator into 2 test tubes. add boiled beans into one test tube on gauze and in another test tube put the germinating beans on gauze. seal tubes with bung. leave them for a set time. the carbon dioxide produced should have turned the hydrogen carbonate indicator yellow. the tube with the germinating beans turned yellow and the boiled bean tube stayed red.

Question 45

what type of polymer do you get when you join together simple sugars

Answer 45

carbohydrates such as starch

Question 46

name the basic units lipids are made from

Answer 46

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 47

what can you conclude if a test sample turns a black-blue colour when iodine is added

Answer 47

that starch is present

Question 48

how would you test for lipids in a sample solution

Answer 48

u would use the emulsion test, shake the test substance with ethanol until dissolved pour into water and if lipids are present a milky emulsion will show

Question 49

in what part of the cell does photosynthesis take place

Answer 49

chloroplasts

Question 50

give three factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 50

light intensity, temperature, concentration of carbon dioxide

Question 51

explain how photosynthesis contributes to a plants biomass

Answer 51

some the glucose is used to make larger complex molecules that the plants or algae need to grow that makes up the organisms biomass