B1 Cards

Question 1

What are Non Communicable Diseases

Answer 1

diseases that cannot be passed from person to person and arent caused by pathogens

Question 2

What are some examples of non communicable diseases

Answer 2

cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, most types of cancer

Question 3

Name 3 risk factors for communicable heart disease

Answer 3

diet high in fat and low in vegetables which increases cholesterol in the blood, diet high in salt increases blood pressure, smoking

Question 4

name 2 risk factors for lung cancer

Answer 4

smoking, cigarette smoke (carcinogens)

Question 5

what are the effects of smoking while pregnant

Answer 5

increase in chance of miscarriage and premature birth

Question 6

what are the effects of drinking while pregnant

Answer 6

can cause fetal alcohol syndrome which causes mental and physical disabilities

Question 7

what are the effects of alcohol on adults

Answer 7

increase risk to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer

Question 8

how do you get type 2 diabetes

Answer 8

struggle to control blood glucose levels, mostly from being obese

Question 9

what is radon

Answer 9

radioactive gas that increases risk of developing lung cancer

Question 10

how does the immune system protect us against pathogens

Answer 10

destroys pathogens, toxins and protects from same type of pathogen

Question 11

what do white blood cells do

Answer 11

detects chemicals, moves towards it and ingest and destroy pathogens

Question 12

why do plants use light

Answer 12

source of energy

Question 13

what is photosynthesis

Answer 13

the reaction that plants use to trap light energy. Leaves contain the green chemical chlorophyll, which absorb light energy

Question 14

what is the photosynthesis equation

Answer 14

CO2 + H2O -> C6 H12 O6 + O2

Question 15

what is the hypothesis to photosynthesis

Answer 15

as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase however it eventually caps off

Question 16

how can vaccination prevent illness

Answer 16

it introduces small dosages of a dead or inactive pathogen so the body learns to fight it

Question 17

how can vaccination prevent the spread of illnesses

Answer 17

through herd immunity

Question 18

state the steps for an iodine test for starch

Answer 18

Place 1 spatula of the food sample on a dish, place a few drops of iodine with a dropper and record any change in colour

Question 19

state the steps for a benedict test to reduce sugar

Answer 19

Place 2 spatulas of the food sample into a test tube, add equal volume of benedict solution, place the tube in a water bath at 95 degrees for a few minutes and record colour

Question 20

state the steps for a biuret test for protein

Answer 20

place 1-2 spatulas of the food sample into the test tube, add equal volume of potassium hydroxide solution to the tube and stir, add 2 drops of copper sulfate and stir for 2 minutes and record colour

Question 21

state the steps for an emulsion test for lipids

Answer 21

place 2 spatulas of food sample into a test tube, add 2cm^3 of ethanol to the tube, cover the end and shake and then let it settle. pour the liquid in the mixture and see if the water is cloudy or not

Question 22

how are new medicines discovered

Answer 22

usually found in chemicals extracted from a plant

Question 23

what is clinical testing

Answer 23

low doses are given to healthy volunteers, from there doctors continue testing to find the correct dosage

Question 24

what is a placebo

Answer 24

tablet or injection with no active drug in it

Question 25

what is a double blind trial

Answer 25

a test group and scientists dont know who get the actual drug, which stops bias from doctors

Question 26

how to calculate biomass

Answer 26

increase biomass(gross) - decrease biomass(gross)

Question 27

what is a pathogen

Answer 27

microorganisms that cause infectious disease

Question 28

how do bacteria and viruses cause illness

Answer 28

bacteria reproduce very rapidly in the human body, then they release toxins which damage tissues and make us feel ill. viruses reproduce when inside a host cell

Question 29

how is the spread of pathogens prevented

Answer 29

vaccination, condoms, isolation

Question 30

what is a eukaryotic cell and name an example

Answer 30

organisms that have a nucleus

Question 31

what is a prokaryotic cell and name an example

Answer 31

single cell organisms that dont have a nucleus

Question 32

what are the main differences between a eukaryote and prokaryote

Answer 32

eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles while prokaryotes don't. prokaryotes have a cell size of 0.5 to 100um while eukaryotes have a size from 10-150um

Question 33

how many cm in a metre

Answer 33

100

Question 34

how many micrometers (um) in a metre

Answer 34

1000000

Question 35

describe the process of anaerobic respiration

Answer 35

glucose into lactic acid and energy

Question 36

describe the process of aerobic respiration

Answer 36

glucose + oxygen turns into carbon dioxide + water and energy

Question 37

what is the magnification formula

Answer 37

magnification = size of image/size of real object

Question 38

what does osmosis mean

Answer 38

the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

Question 39

how does osmosis affect animal and plant cells

Answer 39

they do not have a cell wall, so will change size and shape when put into solutions that are at a different concentration to the cell contents

Question 40

what is meant by diffusion

Answer 40

particles spreading out from an area with high concentration to an area with low concentration

Question 41

what affects the rate of diffusion

Answer 41

temperature

Question 42

what are differences between communicable and new communicable diseases?

Answer 42

communicable spread from person to person and non communicable cannot be

Question 43

what is the set up for photosynthesis practical?

Answer 43

set up the boiling tube containing 45^3 of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. allow the tube to stand for a few minutes and shake to disperse air bubbles. cut a 8cm piece of pondweed and place in the boiling tube. position the pondweed 10cm away from the light source. allow the boiling tube to stand for 5 minutes. count the number of bubbles emerging from the cut end of the stems in 1 minute. calculate the average number of bubbles produced per minute and repeat at different distances

Question 44

what is an enzyme

Answer 44

enzymes are large protein molecules which have an active site, where the substrate attaches to

Question 45

describe the enzymes in the digestive system

Answer 45

the substrate must fit perfectly into the active site (lock and key theory)

Question 46

describe the role of bile

Answer 46

helps speed up digestion of lipids