B1: Cell Biology

Question 1

What is a Cell?

Answer 1

The fundamental building blocks of life

Question 2

What is an eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

A complex cell such as an animal or plant cell

Question 3

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

A smaller and simpler cell compared to eukaryotes, such as Bacteria Cells

Question 4

What is the Nucleus’ function?

Answer 4

To store genetic material and control activities in cells

Question 5

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

It’s a gel-like substance where most chemical reactions take place contains enzymes

Question 6

What is a Cell Membrane?

Answer 6

It controls what goes in and out of the cell, holds cell together

Question 7

What are the functions of a ribosome?

Answer 7

To create proteins

Question 8

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

Where aerobic respiration takes place, transfers energy to the cell

Question 9

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 9

Made from cellulose to support the cell and strengthen it

Question 10

What is the role of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 10

Contains cell sap (solution of sugar and salts)

Question 11

What is the role of the chloroplast?

Answer 11

The place where photosynthesis takes place makes food for the plant cell. It contains chlorophyll which absorbs light

Question 12

What is a plasmid, where is it found?

Answer 12

A small ring of DNA found in Bacteria cells

Question 13

How is DNA stored in Bacteria Cells?

Answer 13

A single circular strand of DNA which floats freely in the cytoplasm

Question 14

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 14

magnification = image size ÷ real size

Question 15

What is used to highlight cells when used on a microscope

Answer 15

iodine solution

Question 16

What is put on top of the stained cells in onion experiment?

Answer 16

Cover Slip

Question 17

What microscope is stronger?

Answer 17

Electron, light is weaker

Question 18

What is meant by resolution

Answer 18

The ability to distinguish between two points

Question 19

What is cell differentiation

Answer 19

when the cell becomes specialised for its job

Question 20

What is difference between animals and plants with cell differentiation

Answer 20

In animal cells it only happens during early stages however plants dont lose this ability ever

Question 21

What are undifferentiated cells called

Answer 21

stem cells

Question 22

How are sperm cells specialised

Answer 22

A long flagellum and streamlined head helps it swim to the egg. loads of mitochondria to provide it with enough energy

Question 23

How are nerve cells specialised

Answer 23

Have axons which are really long to get throughout the body, myelin sheath makes the electrical currents travel faster

Question 24

How are muscle cells specialised

Answer 24

Contract quickly and contains loads of mitochondria

Question 25

How are root hair cells specialised

Answer 25

They have no chloroplast beacause they are underground so cant absorb light, have a large surface area to absorb more water + mineral ions

Question 26

How are phloems and xylems specialised

Answer 26

Allows substance to be transported

Question 27

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have (normally)

Answer 27

23 pairs, 23 from your mother, 23 from your father

Question 28

what does most of cell cycle consist of?

Answer 28

growth and DNA replication (mitosis is the rest)

Question 29

What happens before mitosis

Answer 29

mitochodria and ribosomes increase (amount) DNA duplicates and form X-shaped chromosomes.

Question 30

What happens during Mitosis

Answer 30

Chromosomes line up in the centre and two arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of the cell. Membranes form on each side, these become nuclei (the nucleus has split) Lastly the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide

Question 31

What are the cells called after mitosis

Answer 31

2 identical daughter cells

Question 32

What is Binary fission

Answer 32

How prokaryotic cells replicate

Question 33

What is used to grow bacteria

Answer 33

Petri Dishes which have agar jelly inside

Question 34

At what temp. should a culture be kept at, at school? why?

Answer 34

25C, harmful pathogens are likely to grow above that temp

Question 35

What is the circle around the antibiotics called in a petri dish

Answer 35

the inhibition zone, the place where bacteria can't grow

Question 36

How do you sterilize an incubating loop

Answer 36

You place it over a bunsen burner until it turns yellow

Question 37

How should the petri dish be placed

Answer 37

upside down to avoid the condensation to drop down, taped too

Question 38

Where can stem cells be found

Answer 38

In bone marrow (adults), embryos

Question 39

What is a risk of growing stem cells

Answer 39

Could become contaminated by a virus

Question 40

Why are some people against stem cell research

Answer 40

Because they believe you are making the human life suffer, Only God can take life

Question 41

Where are stem cells found in plants

Answer 41

In meristems, it can be differentiated at any time in its life

Question 42

What can meristems be used for

Answer 42

To create identical copies of plants

Question 43

What is diffusion?

Answer 43

The movement of partivels from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 44

What are factors of cell membranes

Answer 44

The concentration gradient (directly proportional), surface area (directly proportional)

Question 45

What is osmosis

Answer 45

movement of water molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane