B1-cell structure

Question 1

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

a eukaryotic cell is an animal or plant cell
they have genetic material that forms chromosomes and is contained in nucleus

Question 2

function of cell membrane

Answer 2

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 3

function of nucleus

Answer 3

contains DNA

Question 4

function of mitochondria

Answer 4

where is energy is released through respiration to transfer energy for a he cell

Question 5

function of cytoplasm

Answer 5

where chemical reactions occur

Question 6

function of ribosomes

Answer 6

site of protein synthesis-enable production of proteins

Question 7

function of permanent vacuole

Answer 7

contains cell sap

Question 8

function of chloroplasts

Answer 8

contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 9

function of cell wall

Answer 9

made of cellulose strengthening the cell

Question 10

what is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 10

simple cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
and are single-celled
type of bacteria cell

Question 11

why don’t prokaryotic cells have a nucleus-what’s the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 11

as they have a single loop of DNA
and also small rings of DNA called plasmids

Question 12

equation for magnification

Answer 12

magnification=image size/actual size

Question 13

What type of cell are bacteria

Answer 13

Prokaryotic

Question 14

Where is the dna found in eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

nucleus

Question 15

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes

Answer 15

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution

Question 16

Function of a red blood cells

Answer 16

Carries oxygen around the body

Question 17

3 adaptations of a red blood cell

Answer 17

No nucleus
Contains a red pigment (haemoglobin)
Has a bi-concave disc shape

Question 18

Function of a nerve cell

Answer 18

Cherries electrical impulses around the body

Question 19

Two adaptations of a nerve cell

Answer 19

Branched endings
Myelin sheath insulates the axon

Question 20

Function of a sperm cell

Answer 20

Fertilise an ovum (egg)

Question 21

Two adaptations of a sperm cell

Answer 21

Flagellum (tail)
contains a lot of mitochondria

Question 22

Function of a palisade cell

Answer 22

Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

Question 23

Two adaptations of a palisade cell

Answer 23

Lots of chloroplast
located at the top surface of leaf

Question 24

Function of a root hair cell

Answer 24

Absorbs minerals and water from the soil

Question 25

Two adaptations of a root hair cell

Answer 25

Long projection Lots of mitochondria

Question 26

How do you determine the actual size of a cell using magnification

Answer 26

1.Step one determine the magnification Total magnification = objective lens magnification x eyepiece lens magnification 2. step two put the numbers into the equation magnification =size of image / actual size of object 3. step three rearrange 4. step four convert to standard form

Question 27

To know… Describe how a microscope should be set up Label a microscope Describe how to focus on a slide containing specimen Make a labeled scientific drawing of what you observe

Question 28

explain where in the plant a cell could be found

Answer 28

Leaf/stem-as it contains chloroplast

Question 29

Why is methylene (blue dye) added to a cell sample

Answer 29

To make nucleus more visible

Question 30

To observe the cell in greater detail you could…

Answer 30

Use a higher-power objective lens

Question 31

What is a tissue

Answer 31

A group of cells with similar structures working together to perform a function

Question 32

What does xylem tissue do

Answer 32

Transports water and mineral ions around the plants

Question 33

How are the xylem tubes formed

Answer 33

Lignin builds up in the cell walls Cells die Forming long hollow tubes

Question 34

2 ways xylem tissue is adapted to its function

Answer 34

Long hollow tubes to allow water/minerals to move easily around the plant Lignin makes cells strong therefore it can withstand pressure of moving water and helps supports plants stem

Question 35

Name another plant transport tissue

Answer 35

Phloem

Question 36

1 difference between cell wall of plant cell and cell wall of bacterial cell

Answer 36

Plant-contain glucose Bacteria-contain peptidoglycan

Question 37

Which feature needs to be present on a bacterial cell if it needs to move in water of liquid

Answer 37

Flagellum

Question 38

What is a specialised cell

Answer 38

A cell that is adapted to perform a particular function

Question 39

What is diffusion?

Answer 39

A net movement of particles from an area of high concentration area low concentration along a concentration gradient. This is a passive process meaning it does not require energy from respiration.

Question 40

Name three factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 40

Concentration gradient Temperature Membrane surface area

Question 41

What process is diffusion

Answer 41

Passive-no energy required

Question 42

Where does diffusion happen in humans

Answer 42

Nutrients in the small intestine diffuse into the blood in the capillaries throughout the villi Oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries

Question 43

Where does diffusion happen in fish

Answer 43

Oxygen from water passing over the gills diffuses into the blood in the gill filaments

Question 44

Where does diffusion happen in plants

Answer 44

Carbon dioxide used for photosynthesis diffuses into leaves through the stomata

Question 45

What is osmosis

Answer 45

Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution to a particularly permeable membrane -water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of height solute concentration

Question 46

What process is osmosis

Answer 46

Passive

Question 47

Where in plants does osmosis take place

Answer 47

Water moves by osmosis from a dilute solution in the soil to a concentrated solution the root hair cell

Question 48

What is active transport

Answer 48

The movement of particles from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution using energy from respiration-particles move against the concentration gradient from low to high

Question 49

What process is active transport

Answer 49

Active? Uses energy released during respiration

Question 50

Where in humans does active transport take place

Answer 50

It allows sugar molecules to be absorbed from the small intestine when the sugar concentration is higher in the blood than in the small intestine

Question 51

Where is plants is active transport used

Answer 51

To absorb the mineral ions into the root hair cells from more dilute solutions in the soil

Question 52

If the concentration is steeper it means…

Answer 52

The faster the rate of diffusion is

Question 53

The higher the temp…

Answer 53

The faster the rate of diffusion

Question 54

The larger the membrane surface area is…

Answer 54

The faster the rate of diffusion

Question 55

Single celled organisms have a l.s.a to volume ratio Why

Answer 55

To allow enough molecules to be transported across their membranes to meet their needs

Question 56

Multicellular organisms have a small s.a to volume ratio

Answer 56

This means they need specialised organs systems and cells to allow enough molecules to be transported into and out of their cells

Question 57

Billow in the small intestine used for

Answer 57

Absorbing nutrients

Question 58

Alveoli in lungs for

Answer 58

Gas exchange

Question 59

Fish gills for

Answer 59

Gas exchange

Question 60

Root hair cells for

Answer 60

Uptake of water and minerals