B1:Cell Structure

Question 1

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

A plant or animal cell that has a cell membrane, cytoplasm and its genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

Question 2

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

A cell in which the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. Its DNA is found as a loop in the cell and there may be one or more plasmids.

Question 3

What is a plasmid?

Answer 3

A small ring of DNA

Question 4

What type of cell is a bacterial cell?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cell

Question 5

How does the size or a prokaryotic cell compare to a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 5

Much smaller

Question 6

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 6

Controls the cell

Question 7

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Site of chemical reactions

Question 8

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 8

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 9

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 9

Site of respiration

Question 10

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 10

Site of protein synthesis

Question 11

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 11

Site of photo synthesis

Question 12

What is the function of permanent vacuoles?

Answer 12

Supports the cell and contains cell sap

Question 13

How is the cell wall strengthened?

Answer 13

Cellulose

Question 14

What are the common parts of an animal cell?

Answer 14

Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria and Ribosomes

Question 15

What are the common parts of a plant cell?

Answer 15

Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Chloroplasts, Cell wall and Vacuole

Question 16

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 16

Carry the father’s genetic information and fertilise the egg

Question 17

How is a sperm cell adapted?

Answer 17

Streamlined shape
Nucleus contains 1 set of DNA
Lots of mitochondria for respiration
Contains digestive enzymes

Question 18

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 18

Transmit electrical impulses around the body

Question 19

How is a nerve cell adapted?

Answer 19

Long
Lots of dendrites to make connections with lots of other cells

Question 20

What is the function of a muscle cell?

Answer 20

Contract and relax to bring about movement

Question 21

How is a muscle cell adapted?

Answer 21

Lots of mitochondria for respiration

Question 22

What is the function of the root hair cells?

Answer 22

Absorb mineral ions and water from the soil

Question 23

How is a root hair cell adapted?

Answer 23

Large surface area
Lots of mitochondria for respiration
No chloroplast

Question 24

What is the function of a xylem?

Answer 24

Transport water around the plant

Question 25

How are the xylem adapted for their function?

Answer 25

Few cell structures and so they are dead for more space and supported by lignin

Question 26

What are the function of the phloem cells?

Answer 26

Transport sugars around the plant

Question 27

How are phloem cells adapted for their function?

Answer 27

Few cell structures Supported by companion cells

Question 28

What are the advantages of electron microscopes?

Answer 28

Higher magnification and resolution

Question 29

What have been the benefits of electron microscopes?

Answer 29

Can be used to examine a cell in much finer detail and has led to a better understanding of sub cellular structures

Question 30

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 30

Magnification = Image Size / Actual Size