B1 Cell structure and transport

Question 1

What is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

Cells with genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

Question 2

What is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

dont have a nucleus to enclose genetic material
Contains DNA in loops
Has one larger loop of DNA and a smaller one called am plasmid

Question 3

What is the cell membrane

Answer 3

The border of all types of cells
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 4

What is the nucleus

Answer 4

Contains all genetic information
Controls the activities of the cell

Question 5

What happens in the cytoplasm

Answer 5

Most chemical reactions

Question 6

What happens in the mitochondria

Answer 6

Aerobic respiration

Question 7

What is made in the ribosomes

Answer 7

Proteins (protein synthesis)

Question 8

What are chloroplast

Answer 8

Subcellular structures responsible for photosynthesis
Plant cells only

Question 9

What is the permanent vacuole

Answer 9

A subcellular structure filled with cell sap (store of nutrients for the cell)
Plant cells only

Question 10

What is the cell wall

Answer 10

Made from cellulose
Strengthens the cell
Plant cells only

Question 11

What is DNA

Answer 11

Holds genetic information in the cell

Question 12

What is a plasmid

Answer 12

Small loop of DNA
Only found in prokaryotic cells
Allow bacteria to swap gen
etic information

Question 13

What is a specialised cell

Answer 13

A cell with a specific job of or function

Question 14

What is differentiation

Answer 14

The way cells become specialised
Develop new features to help them perform a specific function

Question 15

What is a tissue

Answer 15

A group of cells with similar structures or functions
A tissue is formed when these cells begin to work together

Question 16

What is an organ

Answer 16

Collection of tissues performing a specific function

Question 17

What is an organ system

Answer 17

Several organs working together

Question 18

What is a light microscope

Answer 18

You can see large subcellular structures like the nucleus but not much else

Question 19

What is the magnification

Answer 19

How much the microscope can enlarge the object

Question 20

What is the resolution

Answer 20

The measure of the level of detail you can see with a microscope

Question 21

What is an electron microscope

Answer 21

Has a much higher magnification and resolution than electron microscope
Essential for discovering the smaller subcellular structures

Question 22

What is diffusion

Answer 22

The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Happens across cell membranes
Does not require energy

Question 23

What is the concentration gradient

Answer 23

The difference in concentration of a substance between 2 places
A steeper concentration gradient means there is a bigger difference in concentration

Question 24

What processes in the body work through diffusion

Answer 24

Oxygen transported into the blood stream
Carbon dioxide is transported out
How urea moves from cells into the bloodstream

Question 25

What affects the rate of diffusion

Answer 25

Steepness of concentration gradient Temperature (Higher temp= Higher rate of diffusion) Surface area of membrane

Question 26

Diffusion pathway

Answer 26

Distance over which a substance must diffuse

Question 27

What is osmosis

Answer 27

The diffusion of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution across a partially permeable mebrane

Question 28

What is active transport

Answer 28

The movement of substances against the concentration gradient. Requires energy from respiration

Question 29

Give an example where active transport happens in plants

Answer 29

Root hair cells absorb mineral ions from the very dilute solution in the soil

Question 30

Give an example where active transport happens in animals

Answer 30

Absorption of sugar from the intestine into the blood

Question 31

What does an exchange surface need to effectively exchange substances with the environment

Answer 31

Large surface area Thin wall/membrane for a short diffusion pathway

Question 32

Where does gas exchange happen in most animals

Answer 32

Alveoli in the lungs

Question 33

What is the function of the stomata

Answer 33

Control gas exchange in leaves by opening and closing and are involved in loss of water from leaves

Question 34

What are the 4 key parts of the gas exchange system

Answer 34

Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole Alveoli

Question 35

What happens in the alveoli

Answer 35

Oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out

Question 36

Adaptations of alveoli to maximise gas exchange

Answer 36

Large surface area Thin walls-Short diffusion distance