B1 Cell Structure And Transport

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Controls activities of the cell
Contains the genetic information of the cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Where most of the chemical reactions take place

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Where aerobic respiration takes place.
Releases energy for the cell

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Where protein synthesis takes place

Question 6

Cell wall

Answer 6

Made of cellulose
Strengthens and supports the cell

Question 7

Chloroplasts

Answer 7

They are green and contain a green substance called chlorophyll
It is the site of photosynthesis

Question 8

Chlorophyll

Answer 8

Absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis

Question 9

Permanent vacuole

Answer 9

Filled with cell sap
Keeps cells rigid and supports the plant

Question 10

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

Animal and plant cells
Have genetic material that is enclosed in a nucleus

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

Bacterial cells
Do not have genetic information enclosed in a nucleus

Question 12

Prokaryotic cells contain

Answer 12

Genetic material is a single loop of DNA found free in the cytoplasm

Question 13

Plasmids

Answer 13

Extra small rings of DNA

Question 14

Flagella

Answer 14

Helps the bacteria to move around

Question 15

Slime coat

Answer 15

A protective coat around the bacterial cell

Question 16

Nerve cells

Answer 16

Specialised cells which carry electrical impulses around the body of an animal

Question 17

Adaptations of nerve cells

Answer 17

Lots of dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells
An axon which carries nerve impulse from one place to another
Synapses which pass impulses to another cell using special transmitter chemicals

Question 18

Muscle cells

Answer 18

Specialised cells which can contract and relax

Question 19

Specialised cells

Answer 19

Differentiated cells which carry out a particular function

Question 20

Muscle cell adaptations

Answer 20

Special proteins that slide over each other making fibres contract
Contains lots of mitochondria to transfer energy needed for cells to contract and relax
Can store glycogen which mitochondria can use to transfer energy

Question 21

Sperm cells

Answer 21

Contain genetic info from male parent
Fertilise the egg

Question 22

Sperm cell adaptations

Answer 22

Long tail to help the sperm move
Lots of mitochondria which transfer energy needed for tail to work
Acrosome which stores digestive enzymes needed for breaking the outer layers of the egg
Nucleus which contains genetic info to be passed on

Question 23

Root hair cells

Answer 23

Help the plant take up water and mineral ions efficiently

Question 24

Root hair cell adaptations

Answer 24

Increase surface area
Large permanent vacuole speeds up osmosis
Mitochondria to transfer energy needed for active transport

Question 25

Xylem cells

Answer 25

Transport tissue in plants that carries water and mineral ions from roots to the highest leaves and shoots

Question 26

Xylem adaptations

Answer 26

Cells die to form hollow tubes to allow water and mineral ions to move easily through them Spirals and rings of lignin make them strong and help them withstand the pressure of water moving up the plant

Question 27

Phloem cells

Answer 27

Carries food made by photosynthesis around the plant

Question 28

Phloem adaptations

Answer 28

Cell walls break down to form sieve plates. Allows water carrying dissolved food to move freely up and down tubes Mitochondria of the companion cells transfer the energy needed to move dissolved foods up and down the plant in phloem

Question 29

Diffusion

Answer 29

Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 30

Factors affecting rate of diffusion

Answer 30

Conc difference Temperature Surface area

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

Movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

Question 32

Isotonic

Answer 32

Conc of solution outside the cell is the same as the internal conc

Question 33

Hypertonic

Answer 33

Conc of solutes in solution outside the cell is higher than the internal concentration

Question 34

Hypotonic

Answer 34

Conc of solutes is lower outside the cell than the internal conc

Question 35

Active transport

Answer 35

Movement of cells from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 36

What is needed for active transport

Answer 36

Energy

Question 37

Where is the energy for active transport produced

Answer 37

Cellular respiration

Question 38

When does the ratio of surface area to volume fall?

Answer 38

When the object gets bigger

Question 39

Adaptations for exchanging materials

Answer 39

Large surface area Short diffusion path / thin membrane Efficient blood supply Being ventilated

Question 40

Culturing microorganisms on an agar gel plate

Answer 40

Hot sterilised agar jelly is poured into a sterilised petri dish, which is left to cool and set Inoculating loops are dipped in a solution of the microorganism and spread over the agar jelly evenly A lid is taped on and the plate is incubated for a few so the microorganisms can grow (stored upside down)