B1 Cell Structure and Transport

Question 1

membrane bound organelles

Answer 1

organelles that have inner and outer membranes within it

Question 2

magnification

Answer 2

however many times the size of an object/ image gets bigger

Question 3

resolution

Answer 3

the minimum distance where two points can still be distinguished

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

the net movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration

Question 5

concentration gradient

Answer 5

the difference between the number of particles inside and outside a cell

Question 6

active transport

Answer 6

the movement of particles from a low to high concentration

Question 7

partially-permeable membrane

Answer 7

membranes of cells that let some types of substances through but not others

Question 8

osmosis

1st definition - high and low

Answer 8

the net movement of water molecules across a partially-permeable membrane from an area of high to low concentration

Question 9

osmosis

2nd definition - dilute and concentrate

Answer 9

The net movement of water molecules from a concentrate solution to a cpure/dilute solution across a partially-permeable membrane

Question 10

solute

Answer 10

a substance that dissolves in a solution

Question 11

isotonic solution

Answer 11

the concentration of solute is the same inside and outside of the cell

Question 12

hypertonic solution

Answer 12

the concentration of the solute is higher outside the cell and lower inside

Question 13

hypotonic solution

Answer 13

the concentration of the solute is lower outside the cell and higher

Question 14

SA:V ratio

Answer 14

the ratio of an object’s surface area compared to its volume

Question 15

what three organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t

Answer 15

permanent vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts

Question 16

cell membrane

Answer 16

controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 17

cytoplasm

Answer 17

the site of anaerobic respiration

Question 18

cell wall

Answer 18

provides strength and support for the cell - keeps it rigid

Question 19

ribosomes

Answer 19

site of protein synthesis

Question 20

nucleus

Answer 20

contains cell genetics and DNA and controls cell’s activities

Question 21

permanent vacuole

Answer 21

stores cell sap and keeps the shape rigid

Question 22

mitochondria

Answer 22

the site of aerobic respiration

Question 23

chloroplasts

Answer 23

site of photosynthesis - contains chlorophyll

Question 24

where is genetic material stored in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 24

freely in the cell in plasmids

Question 25

plasmids

Answer 25

circular DNA

Question 26

T.E.M

Answer 26

Transmission Electron Microscope

Question 27

S.E.M

Answer 27

Scanning Electron Microscope

Question 28

what type of radiation do electron microscopes use?

Answer 28

electro-magnetic radiation

Question 29

what disadvantages are there to using an electron microscope?

Answer 29

1. can only view dead, non-living material; 2. is large and static; 3. is difficult to use and expensive

Question 30

what disadvantages are there to using a light microscope

Answer 30

has a low magnification and resolution

Question 31

what advantages are there to using an electron microscope?

Answer 31

high magnification and resolution

Question 32

what advantages are there to using a light microscope?

Answer 32

1. cheapy and easy to use; 2. small and poratble; 3. can view living, moving, dead, and non-living material

Question 33

# What is the formula for.. Total magnification

Answer 33

eyepiece lens x objective lens

Question 34

# What is the formula for... Magnification

Answer 34

Image size / Actual size

Question 35

* What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope?

Answer 35

x2'000

Question 36

what is the maximum magnification of an electron microscope?

Answer 36

x2'000'000

Question 37

what is the minimum resolution of a light microscope?

Answer 37

200nm

Question 38

what the minimum resolution of an electron microscope?

Answer 38

0.25nm | `

Question 39

what kind of process is diffusion?

Answer 39

a passive process

Question 40

what is the movement of particles in relation to the concentration gradient during diffusion?

Answer 40

down the concentration gradient

Question 41

which factors effect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 41

* temperature * surface area * concentration gradient * distance of diffusion

Question 42

Why does a higher temperature increase the rate of diffusion?

Answer 42

Because the particles have more kinetic energy and move faster - diffuse quicker

Question 43

what kind of process is active transport?

Answer 43

an active process

Question 44

what is the movement of particles in relation to the concentration gradient during active transport?

Answer 44

against the concentration gradient

Question 45

what is an active process?

Answer 45

a process that requires energy | for active transport, energy is required via respiration

Question 46

what is a passive process?

Answer 46

a process that doesn't require energy from an external source | for diffusion, particles use their own energy to move

Question 47

what happens to a cell if it is in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 47

the cell shrinks and loses water

Question 48

what happens to a cell if it is in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 48

the cell swells up and bursts

Question 49

what happens to an organism's SA:V ratio as it gets larger

Answer 49

it decreases

Question 50

what are the purposes of specialised exchange surfaces?

Answer 50

they increase surface area to volume ratio within an organism and increase the efficiency of diffusion

Question 51

name two specialised exchange surfaces

Answer 51

* alveoli * villi

Question 52

why is a smaller surface area important for diffusion?

Answer 52

because particles travel a smaller distance