B1 - Cells And Organisation

Question 1

How many metres in a kilometre?

Answer 1

1000m

Question 2

How many centimetres in a metre?

Answer 2

100cm

Question 3

How many millimetres in 1cm?

Answer 3

10mm

Question 4

How many micrometers in a millimetre?

Answer 4

1000 μm

Question 5

How many nanometers in a micrometer?

Answer 5

1000nm

Question 6

What are the features of a microscope?

Answer 6

Objective lens, Eyepiece lens, stage, clip, coarse focus, fine focus, slide, diaphragm lever, condenser, noise piece, mirror/light and stage height adjustment

Question 7

How do you calculate magnification?

Answer 7

Eyepiece lens strength (e.g x4) x objective lens adjustment (e.g x100)

Question 8

How to calculate the real size of an object?

Answer 8

Image size ÷ magnification

Question 9

How to calculate magnification?

Answer 9

Image size ÷ size of real object

Question 10

How to work out image size?

Answer 10

Magnification x size of real object

Question 11

What features are in an animal cell?

Answer 11

Nucleus, Cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

What features are there in a plant cell?

Answer 12

Nucleus, Cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, permanent vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts.

Question 13

What is a nucleus?

Answer 13

The nucleus controls all the activities of the cell and is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. It contains genes on the chromosomes that carry the instructions for making proteins needed to build new cells and organisms.

Question 14

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 14

Cytoplasm is a liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place

Question 15

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 15

The cell membrane controls the passage of substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the cell. It also controls the movement of substances such as urea or hormones out of the cell

Question 16

What are the mitochondria?

Answer 16

The mitochondria are structures in the cytoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy from the cell.

Question 17

What are ribosomes?

Answer 17

The ribosomes are where protein synthesis takes place, making all the proteins needed in the cell

Question 18

What is the cell wall?

Answer 18

A cell wall is a wall made of cellulose that strengthens and gives the cell support

Question 19

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 19

Chloroplasts contain the green substance chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis. Root cells do not have chloroplasts because they are underground

Question 20

What is a permanent vacuole?

Answer 20

A permanent vacuole is a space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant

Question 21

What is a Golgi apparatus?

Answer 21

The job of the Golgi apparatus is to process and bundle macromolecules like protein or lipids as they are synthesised inside the cell. Golgi apparatus is sometimes compared to a post office inside the cell since one major function is to modify, sort, and package proteins to be secreted.

Question 22

What is a rough ER?

Answer 22

This is an organelle that is based on producing proteins. It is called rough because it has ribosomes on it. It synthesises protein cells and stores them until they are moved to the Golgi apparatus for packaging.

Question 23

What is the smooth ER?

Answer 23

The smooth ER is similar to the rough ER but it is about the storage and creation of lipids and hormones. It stores and distributes these products around the cell.

Question 24

What are algae?

Answer 24

Algae are simple aquatic organisms that make there own food via photosynthesis. It has similar features to plant cells. It used to be classed as a plant cell but is classed as Protista now.

Question 25

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 25

This is a cell which contains cytoplasm, cell membrane and that genetic material that is stored in the nucleus.

Question 26

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 26

- unicellular organism - no nucleus - no membrane bound organelles - most have cell walls

Question 27

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 27

diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 28

What 3 factors affect rate of diffusion?

Answer 28

- temperature = more energy means the particles move faster - diffusion distance = shorter distance is quicker - concentration gradient = the bigger the difference between low concentration and high concentration, the faster it will diffuse

Question 29

Give 3 examples of substances that travel into cells via diffusion?

Answer 29

Oxygen in Carbon dioxide out Glucose in

Question 30

Give an example in the body for an adaptation for better diffusion

Answer 30

Villi = large surface area and thin cells make a smaller diffusion distances creating faster diffusion

Question 31

Is diffusion passive or active?

Answer 31

Passive. It requires no energy

Question 32

Is active transport active or passive?

Answer 32

Active. It requires energy

Question 33

Describe active transport

Answer 33

Plant transport proteins recognise ions or sugars They use energy from respiration to bring them inside the cell They move from low concentration to high concentration The protein reverts back to normal waiting for another molecule

Question 34

Is osmosis passive or active?

Answer 34

Passive. It requires no energy

Question 35

Describe osmosis

Answer 35

Water goes from high concentration to low concentration of water molecules through semi permeable membranes

Question 36

What does isotonic mean?

Answer 36

Where the amount of solute (eg salt) is equal in the cell and outside the cell

Question 37

What is hypotonic?

Answer 37

Hypotonic is where the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than inside the cell

Question 38

What is hypertonic?

Answer 38

Hypertonic is where the concentration of the solute is higher outside the cell than inside

Question 39

What is turgor pressure?

Answer 39

It is the pressure applied to the cell wall when water gets into plants