B1 Cells And Organisation X Microscope

Question 1

What is diffusion?

Answer 1

The movement of particles from high concentration to low conventration

Question 2

What is the difference in concentration called?

Answer 2

Concentration gradiant (the bigger the concentration gradient the faster the diffusion rate)

Question 3

Where does diffusion happen?

Answer 3

In solutions and gasses

Question 4

What part of the cell lets stuff diffuse in and out of the cell

Answer 4

Cell membrane

Question 5

What temperature creates a higher diffusion rate

Answer 5

Hotter

Question 6

What is osmosis?

Answer 6

The movement of liquid from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 7

What does low and high concentration mean in liquid?

Answer 7

Low= more particles
High= less particles

Question 8

Why does osmosis happen?

Answer 8

Because the liquid is trying to even up

Question 9

What are the two things cells can be?

Answer 9

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 10

Define the word tissue

Answer 10

Collection of cells of similar structure and function allworking together

Question 11

Define the word organ

Answer 11

Collection of diffrent tissues working together to carry out a specific functiom

Question 12

What does the digestion system do?

Answer 12

Digestion is the process where the large molecules into small molecules so they can be absorbed into the blood

Question 13

What is active transport?

Answer 13

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to high concentration against a gradiant

Question 14

How do you calculate magnification

Answer 14

Magnification=eyepiece lens x objective lens

Question 15

What is resolution

Answer 15

The ability to distinguish between two seperate points in an image

Question 16

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 16

Contains DNA in the form of chromosones, contains the genetic code.

Question 17

What is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 17

Where chemical reactions take place

Question 18

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 18

Controls what comes in and out of the cell

Question 19

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 19

This is where respiration takes place

Question 20

What is the function of the cellulose cell wall

Answer 20

The outside layer of plant cells and gives the plant strength and support

Question 21

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 21

The location where proteins are made

Question 22

What is the function of chloropasts

Answer 22

Contains a chemical called chlorophyll. It traps sunlight energy which is needed for photosynthesis

Question 23

What happens to an animal cell when placed in a more dilute solution

Answer 23

The cell gains water through osmosis and it may burst

Question 24

What happens to an animal cell when placed in a more concentrated solution

Answer 24

The cell loses water and may shrivel

Question 25

What happens to a plant cell when placed in a more dilute solution

Answer 25

Gains water through osmosis however doesnt burst

Question 26

Why does a plant cell not burst when placed in a more dilute solution

Answer 26

The plant cell has a cell wall

Question 27

What happens to a plant cell when placed in a more concentrated solution

Answer 27

Loses water by osmosis and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall

Question 28

What types of cells dont have a nucleus

Answer 28

Prokaryotic cells

Question 29

What is the function of sperm cells

Answer 29

They fertilise the egg cell during sexual reproduction

Question 30

What is the function of nerve cells

Answer 30

Transmits electrical pulses around the body

Question 31

What is the function of muscle cells

Answer 31

Are specialised to contract quickly to move bones

Question 32

What is the function of root hair cells in plants

Answer 32

Specialised to absorb water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport

Question 33

How do you calculate mm to nm

Answer 33

X1000

Question 34

Convert 20mm to nm

Answer 34

20mm x 1000=20,000nm

Question 35

What are the 8 main parts of the light microscope

Answer 35

Eyepiece lens, body tube, high and low power objective lenses, stage, mirror, rough focusing knob, fine focusing knob, handle.

Question 36

What is an organism

Answer 36

A living thing made up of cells

Question 37

What are 4 things animal and plant cells both have

Answer 37

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria

Question 38

What are three things plant cells have than animal cells dont

Answer 38

Cell wall, vacuole, chloropasts.

Question 39

What are multi cellular organisms

Answer 39

Made up of lots of cells

Question 40

What are unicellular organisms

Answer 40

Organisms made up of only one cell

Question 41

what are eukaryotic cells

Answer 41

multi cell organism

Question 42

what are prokaryotic cells

Answer 42

single cell organism

Question 43

what are the 5 main things an animal cells contains

Answer 43

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribososmes

Question 44

what is the main role of the cytoplasm

Answer 44

destination where chemical reactions take place, contains enxymes to control these chemical reactions

Question 45

what is the main role of the cell membrane

Answer 45

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 46

what is the main role of the mitochondria

Answer 46

where most reactions for aerobic respiration takes place

Question 47

what is the main role of ribosomes

Answer 47

where proteins are made in the cell

Question 48

what are the 3 extra things plant cells have that animal cells dont have

Answer 48

rigid cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloropasts

Question 49

what is the cell wall maded out of in a plant cell

Answer 49

cellulose

Question 50

what does the cell wall do

Answer 50

suppports and strengthens the cell

Question 51

what is the main function of the chloropast

Answer 51

where photosynthesis occcurs making food for the plant

Question 52

whta do chloropasts contain and what is its purpose

Answer 52

chlorophyll, a green substance in the leaf which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis

Question 53

what are the three main things that bacterial cells dont contain

Answer 53

chloropasats, mitochndria, nucleus

Question 54

what holds the dna in a bacterial cell

Answer 54

the plasmid

Question 55

what are the 4 main things bacterial cells contain

Answer 55

cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall and plasmid

Question 56

what do light microscopes use and allow us to see

Answer 56

use light and lenses to magnify an image and let su see individual cells and large subcellular structures

Question 57

what do electron microscopes use and allow us to see

Answer 57

use electrons instead of lights and have a great magnification

Question 58

compare the difference of images a light microscope will show to an electron microscope

Answer 58

electron microscopes have a greater magnification and a higher resolution

Question 59

how to prepare your slide to view an onion cell

Answer 59

add a drop of water to the middle of a clean slide, cut an onion and peel off a layer using some tweezers. using the tweezers place the epidermal tissue (layer of onion) into the wtare on the slide. then add a drop of iodine solution and place a cover slip on top making sure no air bubbles are underneath.

Question 60

what is resolution

Answer 60

the ability to distinguish two points under a microscope

Question 61

why dont you want airbubbles under the cover slip when using a microscope to look at an onion cell

Answer 61

theyll obstruct your view of the specimen onion peel)

Question 62

how do use a light microscope to look at your slide

Answer 62

clip the slide youve prepared onto the stage, sleect the lwoest powered objective lens, use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage up to just below the objective lens. look down the eyepiece using the coarse adjustment knob unti you get a clear image

Question 63

why might you add stain to the sample on a microscope slide

Answer 63

to highlight the object by adding colour to them

Question 64

what do cells do to become specialized

Answer 64

cells differentiate

Question 65

what is differentiation

Answer 65

the process by which a cell becomes specialized for its purpose

Question 66

what allows cells to carry out a specific function

Answer 66

by developing different subcellular structures turning into different types of cells

Question 67

what are sperm cells spezializeed for

Answer 67

reproduction

Question 68

what are nerve cells specialised for

Answer 68

rapid signalling

Question 69

what are muscle cells specialised for

Answer 69

contraction

Question 70

what are root hair cells specialised for

Answer 70

absorbing water and minerals

Question 71

what are phloem and xylem cells specialised for

Answer 71

transporting substances

Question 72

what are 4 features of a sperm cell which helps it for its role

Answer 72

has a long tail, streamlined head to help it swim to the egg. lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed. carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell membrane

Question 73

what is the main feature of a nerve cell to help it for its role

Answer 73

has many branched connections at the end of the cell to connect to other nerve cells to create a network

Question 74

what are the TWO main feature of a muscle cell to help it for its function

Answer 74

muscle cells are long so they have more space to contract. have many mitochondria to generate energy needed for contraction

Question 75

what is the main feature of phloem and xylem cells which help it for its function

Answer 75

xylem cells are hollow in the centre so stuff can flow through them phloem cells have little subcellular structure so stuff can flow through them