B1 Cells And Transport

Question 1

Electrons microscope magnification

Answer 1

1,000,000x

250x resolving of a light microscope

Question 2

Why microscopes are useful in the study of cell biology

Answer 2

Scientists use microscopes to provide higher magnification, higher resoltion and more detail than light microscope

Most cells cannot be viewed by the naked eye

Question 3

Advantages of using a light microscope

Answer 3

Simple to use

Doesn’t require the use of high voltage power

Question 4

Disadvantages of using a light microscope

Answer 4

Low resolving power

Poor surface view

Question 5

Resolving power

Answer 5

The ability to see two points as two points, rather than merged into one

Question 6

Advantages of using electron microscope

Answer 6

High resolution

High magnification

Question 7

Disadvantages of using electron microscope

Answer 7

Inability to analyze live specimens

Only black and white images can be viewed with electron microscope

Question 8

Use of electron microscope

Answer 8

Used to study detailed structure of tissues, cells, organelles

Question 9

Total magnification

Answer 9

Objective lens x ocular lens

Question 10

How to calculate magnification

Answer 10

Size of image/size of real object

Question 11

Parts of animal cell

Answer 11

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Question 12

Parts of plant cell

Answer 12

Chloroplast
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm

Question 13

Compare plant cell and animal cell

Answer 13

Plant cells have a cell wall in addition to a cell membrane, whereas animal cells have only a cell membrane

Question 14

Why some cells do not contain all cell structures

Answer 14

The cells is created with the approximate structure to fit the environment

Question 15

How to prepare a microscope slide

Answer 15

Peel a thin transparent layer of a cell from the inside of an onion

Place cells on microscopic slide

Add a drop of water or iodine

Lower a coverslip onto the onion cells

Question 16

How do you use a microscope to see a plant cell

Answer 16

Prepare a thin plant tissue section

Apply a stain for visibility

Place section on a slide with water

Add coverslip to hold the section

Set microscope to low magnification

Increase magnification gradually

Question 17

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 17

Simple cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 18

Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 19

Structures in prokaryotic cells

Answer 19

Plasma membrane

Cell wall

A capsule

Question 20

Structures in eukaryotic cells

Answer 20

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Lysomes

Question 21

How the main structures of prokaryotic cells are related to their functions

Answer 21

Flagella and some pili used for locomotion

Question 22

How the main structures of eukaryotic cells are related to their functions

Answer 22

Plasma membrane separates internal contents of cell from its surrounding environment

Question 23

Calculations to work out orders of magnitude

Answer 23

If increase a number by 1 order of magnitude you are multiplying the number by 10

If decrease a number by 1 order of magnitude divide the number by 10

Question 24

Specialised cells examples

Answer 24

Red blood cells

Sperm cells

Egg cells

Nerve cells

Muscle cells

Villi

Question 25

Why animals have specialised cells

Answer 25

To carry out a particular role in the body

Question 26

How the structure of specialised animal cells are related to their function within the organ and whole organism

Answer 26

Their structure is adapted to their function

Question 27

Compare the structure of a specialised and generalised animal cell

Answer 27

Generalised cells have a simple structure and can perform basic functions Specialised cells have a more complex structure adapted to perform a specific function in the body

Question 28

How animal cells are adapted

Answer 28

Disc-shaped to absorb oxygen more quickly and rounded to flow easily through tiny capillaries

Question 29

Specialised plant cells examples

Answer 29

Guard cell Xylem cell Phloem cell Root hair cell

Question 30

How to predict which way substances will move across a cell membrane

Answer 30

Any substance that can move down its concentration gradient across the membrane

Question 31

How temperature affects rate of diffusion

Answer 31

Higher temperatures increase the energy and therefore the movement of the molecules, increasing the rate of diffusion

Question 32

How concentration gradient affects rate of diffusion

Answer 32

The bigger the difference the steeper the concentration gradient the faster the molecules of a substance will diffuse

Question 33

Why surface area affects the rate of diffusion

Answer 33

Aa surface area increases rate of diffusion increases More space for molecules to diffuse across the membrane

Question 34

What happens if anima cell lose or gain too much water

Answer 34

They stop working properly

Question 35

Use ideas about osmosis to explain why maintaining constant internal conditions in living organisms is important

Answer 35

It stabilizes the internal environment of a living organism by maintaining the balance between water and intercellular fluid levels

Question 36

Isotonic

Answer 36

Any external solution that has the same solute concentration and water concentration compared to body fluids

Question 37

Hypotonic

Answer 37

Any external solution that has a low solute concentration and high water concentration compared to body fluids

Question 38

Hypertonic

Answer 38

Any external solution that has a high solute concentration and high water concentration compared to body fluids

Question 39

What happens if a plant loses too much water from its cells

Answer 39

They become soft

Question 40

Active transport

Answer 40

Particles can move up the concentration gradient if energy is used

Question 41

Why active transport is important for living organisms

Answer 41

It is crucial for cell survival and rapid nutrient absorption by the cells

Question 42

How active transport takes place

Answer 42

When molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 43

Where active transport takes place

Answer 43

Across the root so the plant takes in the ions from the soil around it

Question 44

Does diffusion need to go through a partially permeable membrane

Answer 44

Does not need a partially permeable membrane

Question 45

Does osmosis need to go through a partially permeable membrane

Answer 45

Yes

Question 46

Does active transport need to  go through a partially permeable membrane

Answer 46

Yes It requires a partially permeable membrane

Question 47

The function of exchange surfaces in plants and animals

Answer 47

The place substances are moved across membranes in an organism

Question 48

How the effectiveness of exchange surfaces is increased

Answer 48

Large surface area

Question 49

Ratio of single-celled organism

Answer 49

Large surface area to volume ratio

Question 50

Ideas about surface area to volume ratio to describe why multicellular organisms need exchange surfaces

Answer 50

Cells too deep within their body so their body surfaces alone are not sufficient for the exchange of substances with their environment

Question 51

How to calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a cube

Answer 51

Surface area ______________ Volume

Question 52

Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a cylinder

Answer 52

Surface area = x^2 Volume = x^3 Volume ratio = surface area ➗ volume

Question 53

How to calculate surface area to volume ratio of a sphere

Answer 53

The ratio of surface to volume is 3/r