B1 - Genetic Variation Flashcards
(12 cards)
Why are some people against using GM foods?
We are uncertain about their health effects.
How many chromosomes are there in sperm and egg cells?
23
Egg cells and sperm cells are called this.
Gametes
What does it mean to be in the same species?
To be able to breed together and produce fertile offspring.
Gardeners often grow new plants from cuttings instead of from seeds. Why?
Quicker, cheaper, more reliable
How are genes cut out of chromosomes?
With enzymes
How does sexual reproduction produce variation?
Gametes join so genetic material is mixed.
How do scientists produce genetically modified animals?
Genes of one animal/plant are removed using enzymes and transferred to embryo of second animal.
Give two differences between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
Sexual involves fusing gametes, mixing of genetic material, two parents, results in variation, whereas asexual produces clones and only one parent is required as cells are split.
What is a clone?
Genetically identical organism.
What are the advantages of cloning?
Fast, economic, large number of identical offspring produced which have desired features.
What are the disadvantages of cloning?
May succumb to an unexpected disease and get wiped out, limits variation.
