B1 quick questions

Question 1

what are examples of eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

animal and plant

Question 2

what type of cell are bacteria

Answer 2

prokaryotic

Question 3

where is dna found in eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

what is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 4

controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 5

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 5

to release energy through respiration

Question 6

what is the function of the ribosomes

Answer 6

protein synthesis

Question 7

what is the function of chloroplasts

Answer 7

photosynthesis contain chlorophyll

Question 8

what is the function of the cell wall

Answer 8

strengthens and supports the cell

Question 9

what is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 9

single loop of dna

Question 10

how are electron microscopes different to light microscopes

Answer 10

electron microscopes use electron beams instead of light, cannot be used to view the living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution

Question 11

what is the function of a red blood cell

Answer 11

carries oxygen around the body

Question 12

three adaptations of a red blood cell

Answer 12

no nucleus contains haemoglobin has a bi-concave disk shape

Question 13

what is the function of a nerve cell

Answer 13

carries electrical impulses around the body

Question 14

two adaptations of a nerve cell

Answer 14

branched endings and a myelin sheath insulates the axon

Question 15

function of a sperm cell

Answer 15

fertilises an ovum

Question 16

two adaptations of a sperm cell

Answer 16

tail and contains lots of motochondria

Question 17

function of a pallisade cell

Answer 17

carries out photosynthesis

Question 18

two adaptations of a pallisade cell

Answer 18

lots of chloroplasts, located at the surface of the leaf

Question 19

function of a root hair cell

Answer 19

absorbs water and minerals from soil

Question 20

two adaptations of a root hair cell

Answer 20

lots of mitochondria and long projection

Question 21

what is diffusion

Answer 21

net movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient- this is a passive process meaning it does not require energy from respiration.

Question 22

name three factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 22

concentration gradient, temperature, membrane surface area

Question 23

how are villi adapted for exchanging substances

Answer 23

• long and thin, increases sa
• one cell thick membrane, short diffusion pathway
• good blood supply, maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 24

how are the lungs adapted for efficient gas exchange

Answer 24

• alveoli, large sa
• moist membranes, increases rate of diffusion
• one cell thick, short diffusion pathway
• good blood supply, maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 25

how are fish gills adapted for efficient gas exchange

Answer 25

- large sa for gases to diffuse across - thin layer of cells, short diffusion pathway - good blood supply, maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 26

what is osmosis

Answer 26

diffusion o water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

Question 27

give one example of osmosis in a plant

Answer 27

water moves from the cell into the root hair cell

Question 28

active transport

Answer 28

movement of particles against a concentration gradient from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution using energy from respiration

Question 29

why is active transport needed in plant roots

Answer 29

concentration of mineral ions in soil is lower than inside the root hair cells the mineral ions must move against the concentration gradient to enter the root hair cells

Question 30

what is the purpose of active transport in the small intestine

Answer 30

sugars can be absorbed when the concentration of sugar in the small intestine is lower than the concentration of sugar in blood