B1 - You and your genes

Question 1

What are the four bases

Answer 1

Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine and Adenine

Question 2

What is BB

Answer 2

Homozygous

Question 3

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 3

46

Question 4

What is a codon

Answer 4

3 bases which code for 1 amino acid

Question 5

What are the three types of mutation

Answer 5

insertion, substitution, and deletion

silent you cant tell

Question 6

What is chorionic villus

Answer 6

Your stomach is cleaned with antiseptic, then numbed. A needle is inserted into the womb where a syringe takes a cell sample from the placenta

Question 7

How long into pregnancy can you have chorionic villus testing?

Answer 7

10-12 weeks

Question 8

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 8

20

Question 9

What does prokaryotic mean

Answer 9

No nucleus

Question 10

What does eukaryotic mean

Answer 10

Has a nucleus

Question 11

What is a heterotroph

Answer 11

Something that gets their energy from other organisms

Question 12

What is autotrophs

Answer 12

Organisms which can produce their own food (by getting energy from sun)

Question 13

What are protists

Answer 13

A few are pathogens, for example malaria

Question 14

Is a virus living

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What makes something a parasite

Answer 15

Something which can’t reproduce without another organism

Question 16

Are fungi multi or unicellular

Answer 16

Both

Question 17

What is a saprotrophs

Answer 17

Mushrooms secrete enzymes onto their food, without ingesting it. They then absorb the nutrients externally

Question 18

What are organelles

Answer 18

Sub cellular strctures

Question 19

What is the ribosome, and in which cell is it found

Answer 19

Responsible for protein synthesis, found both plant and animal cells

Question 20

What is the mitochondria and in which cell is it found

Answer 20

Provides the cell energy, and is found in both animal and plant cells

Question 21

What is the nucleus and where is it found

Answer 21

Holds the genetic information, and is found in both animal and plant cells

Question 22

What is the cytoplasm and which cell is it found it

Answer 22

The jelly where chemical reactions take place, found in both animal and plant cells

Question 23

What is the cell membrane and which cell is it found it

Answer 23

Controls which substances go in and out of the cell, and is found in both animal and plant cells

Question 24

What is the permanent vacuole, and which cell is it found in

Answer 24

Big sack which holds sugar and water and stuff, found in plant cells

Question 25

What is the cell wall, and which cell is it found in

Answer 25

Made from cellulose, very strong, found in plant cells

Question 26

What is the chloroplast, and which cell is it found in

Answer 26

Responsible for photosynthesis, found in plant cells

Question 27

What are in bacterial cells, which is in common with plant and animal cells

Answer 27

Ribosome Cell membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm

Question 28

Where to bacterial cells store their DNA

Answer 28

In a single, circular strand of DNA, with extra genetic material stored in plasmids, which float around in the cell

Question 29

What are flagella

Answer 29

The long tail like strands of bacteria, which are responsible for propelling it

Question 30

What does GM stand for

Answer 30

Genetically modified

Question 31

What are 2 pros of genetic engineering

Answer 31

We can produce crops with desirable characteristics This is very important for developing countries

Question 32

What is a vector in genetics

Answer 32

A vector is either a virus, or a bacterial plasmid, which can be fused with the desirable trait, and then introduced to the organism, so it will start to produce the gene

Question 33

What proteins are made in mitochondria

Answer 33

Enzymes

Question 34

Do bacteria have a cell wall

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

what dna is contained in the plasmid?

Answer 35

DNA which is not used regularly by the bacteria, e.g antibiotic resistance

Question 36

What is the loop of DNA in bacteria called

Answer 36

A DNA strand

Question 37

in bacteria, what is cell division also called

Answer 37

Asexual reproduction