B.10

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for functions, in response to internal and external changes.

Question 2

What does homeostasis do?

Answer 2

Maintaining optimal conditions for enzyme action and all cell functions.

Question 3

Types of homeostasis in the human body.

Answer 3

Control of blood glucose concentration, body temperature and water levels.

Question 4

What is in control systems

Answer 4

Receptors, coordination centres and effectors.

Question 5

Receptors

Answer 5

Cells that detect changes in the internal or external environment and they are called stimuli. Receptors are apart of nervous or the hormonal control system.

Question 6

Coordination centres

Answer 6

Areas that receive and process the information from the receptors. They send out signals and coordinate the response of the body. They include the brain, hormonal system, the spinal chord and more organs such as the pancreas.

Question 7

Effectors

Answer 7

Muscles or glands that bring about responses to the stimulus that has been received. These responses restore conditions to the optimal level.

Question 8

How the nervous system works

Answer 8

It uses electrical impulses to enables you to react quickly to your surroundings and coordinate your behaviour.

Question 9

Sensory neurones

Answer 9

The cell that carries impulses from your sense organs to your CNS

Question 10

Motor neurones

Answer 10

They carry impulses from your CNS to the rest of tour body to make the right parts of your body work.

Question 11

CNS

Answer 11

Central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal chord.

Question 12

Reflexives

Answer 12

Automatic movements to help your body

Question 13

What do the reflexes involve?

Answer 13

Sensory, relay and motor neurones.

Question 14

Reflex actions

Answer 14

Control everyday bodily functions, such as breathing and digestion, and help you to avoid danger

Question 15

Reflex arc

Answer 15

Stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone, effector and then the response.

Question 16

The brain

Answer 16

Billions of interconnected neurones that control complex behaviour.

Question 17

Cerebral cortex

Answer 17

Helps you with Consciousness, intelligence, memory and language.

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

Helps you with your coordination skills, memory and balance.

Question 19

Medulla

Answer 19

Helps with unconscious acts such as controlling gut movement, controlling your heart beat and breathing.

Question 20

How to help a damaged brain

Answer 20

You can either use a MRI scanner that scans the brain and shows you the area that isn’t working as it should.

Or by using a electrically stimulating different areas of the brain ( but this can lead to brain damage in other areas of the brain if not careful).

Question 21

The eye

Answer 21

A sense organ containing receptors in the retina that are sensitive to light intensity and colour.

Question 22

Sclera

Answer 22

A tough outer layer that has a transparent region at the front called the cornea that lets light in and refract light towards the retina.

Question 23

Iris

Answer 23

Controls the size of the pupil and the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 24

Ciliary muscle and suspensory ligaments

Answer 24

Change the shape of the lens to fine focus lights on to the retina

Question 25

Optic nerve

Answer 25

Carries impulses from the retina to the brain.

Question 26

Cornea

Answer 26

Controls the amount of light entering the eye

Question 27

Pupil

Answer 27

Absorbs the light entering the eye and sends a good amount towards to retina not to damage it.

Question 28

The retina

Answer 28

Converts light energy into impulses that then go to the optic nerve

Question 29

Accommodation

Answer 29

The process of changing the shape of the lens of the eye to focus on near or distant objects.

Question 30

Close objects (long sightedness)(Hyperopia)

Answer 30

Can see clearly distant objects, but close objects looked blurred and this results the lens to be too flat and thin or be too short for an eyeball and this means the lens doesn't refract the rays of light enough.

Question 31

Long objects (short sightedness) (Myopia)

Answer 31

Can see close objects in clear focus, but distant objects looked blurred and this is due to the light being in front of the retina so the images that land on the retina are out of focus and blurry.

Question 32

How to help these problems

Answer 32

Spectacle lenses, laser surgery, hard or soft contact lenses and replacement lenses in the eye.

Question 33

Concave lenses

Answer 33

Used to correct short sightedness.

Question 34

Convex lenses

Answer 34

Fixes long sightedness problems.