B10 The human nervous system Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is homeostasis?
The process by which your body maintains a constant internal environment
Why is homeostasis important?
To maintain optimal conditions for enzyme actions
What does homeostasis rely on?
Automatic control systems such as your nervous system, hormones and body organs
What are the internal conditions that are controlled? (3)
Water content, body temperature and blood glucose concentration
How does water leave the body? (3)
Respiration, sweat and urine
What is the core body temperature?
37 degrees celsius
What controls the level of glucose in your blood?
The pancreas
What is the energy source for cells?
Glucose
What do receptor cells do?
Detect stimuli in the external or internal environment
What does the coordination centre include? (3)
The brain, spinal cord and pancreas
What are effectors and what do they do?
Usually muscles or glands that bring responses to stimulus
Where are receptor cells found?
In sense organs
What two things make up the central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord
What are nerve cells called?
Neurones
What is a bundle of neurones called?
Nerves
What do sensory neurones do?
Carry impulses from receptors to the CNS
What do motor neurones do?
Carry impulses from CNS to effectors, which then respond to the impulses
How do muscles respond to impulses?
Contracting
How do glands respond to impulses?
Secreting chemicals
What are the main steps involved in reflexes?
A receptor detects a stimulus > a sensory neurone transmits the impulse to the CNS > a relay neurone in the CNS passes the impulse on > a motor neurone is stimulated > motor neurone passes the impulse to an effector > action is taken
What is the gap between two neurones called?
Synapses
What is the sequence from a receptor to an effector called?
A reflex arc
What does the cerebral cortex control?
Consciousness, intelligence, memory and language
What does the cerebellum control?
Coordination of muscular activity
