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Biology Y9 > B1.1 > Flashcards

B1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells that contain genetic material in a nucleus

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2
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Cells that do not contain a nucleus.
Their genetic material floats in the cytoplasm.
Smaller than eukaryotic

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3
Q

Name all the organelles eukaryotic cells contain

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Mitochondria
    4.Cell membrane
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4
Q

Name the 3 extra subcellular structures that plant cells have but not animal cells

A
  1. Chloroplast
  2. Cell wall
  3. Vacuole
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5
Q

Function of the nucleus

A

Contains genetic material
Controls activities of cell
Determines cell appearance

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6
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

Jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place

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7
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Power house of cell. Where respiration takes place

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8
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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9
Q

Functions of chloroplast

A

Where photosynthesis takes place

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10
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Provides support for the cell

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11
Q

Function of vacuole

A

Contains cell sap and helps keep cell firm

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12
Q

Mrs Nerg?

A

M - movement
R - reproduction
S - sensitivity
N- nutrition
E - excretion
R - respiration
G - growth

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13
Q

What subcellular structures to prokaryotic cells contain

A
  1. Cytoplasm
  2. Genetic material
  3. Cell membrane
  4. Cell wall
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14
Q

Name extra subcellular structures if prokaryotic cells

A
  1. Flagella
  2. Pilli
  3. Slime capsule
  4. Plasmid
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15
Q

Function of flagella

A

Tail like structures that allow the cell to move through liquids

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16
Q

Function of pilli

A

Tiny hair like structures that allow the cell to attach to structures

17
Q

Function of slime capsule

A

Protect bacterium from drying out from poisonous substances

18
Q

Function of Plasmid

A

Circular piece of DNA that is used to store extra genes .

19
Q

Function of ribosome (animal cell)

A

This is where proteins are made and is found in the cytoplasm

20
Q

3 examples of commonly found bacteria

A
  • Escherichia coli (or E. coli), which cause food poisoning (Figure 2).
  • Streptococcus bacteria, which cause sore throats (Figure 3).
  • Streptomyces bacteria, which are found in the soil. The antibiotic streptomycin comes from these bacteria. It kills many disease-causing bacteria.
21
Q

Name the parts of a light microscope

A
  1. Stage
  2. Fine focus
  3. Eyepiece lens
  4. Objective lens
  5. Slide
  6. Light
  7. Course focus
22
Q

How does a light microscope work

A

It passes light through an object places on the slide on the stage then through the 2 glass lenses which magnifies it.

23
Q

Formula for total magnification

A

Total magnification = eyepiece lens x objective lens

24
Q

How to use the light microscope

A
  1. Move the stage to its lowest position.
  2. Select the objective lens with the lowest magnification.
  3. Place the slide, which has cells on it, on the stage.
  4. Raise the stage to its highest position, taking care that the slide does not touch the lens.
  5. Lower the stage slowly using the coarse focus knob until you see your
    object (it will normally be blurred).
  6. Turn the fine focus knob slowly until your object comes into clear focus.
25
Q

Name 3 stains

A
  1. Iodine
  2. Methylene blue
  3. Crystal violet
26
Q

What do the stains stain.

A

Methylene blue - animal cells nucleus
Iodine - plant cell nuclei
Crystal violet - bacteria cell walls

27
Q

What is resolution

A

A measure of the smallest object which can be seen using an instrument

28
Q

Name the 2 tropes of electron microscopes

A
  1. Transmission electron microscopes (TEM)
  2. Scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
29
Q

What are TEM microscopes.

A

TEM produce the most magnified images. They work in a similar way to a light microscope.
A beam of electrons passes through a very thin slice of the sample.
The beam is focused to produce an image

30
Q

what are SEM microscope

A

produce a three-dimensional image of a surface. They send a beam of electrons across the surface of a specimen. The reflected electrons are collected to produce an image.

31
Q

What are electron microscopes

A

Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light to produce an image.

32
Q

Compare light and electron microscopes

A

Light microscope
• Cheap to buy and operate
• Small and portable
• Simple to prepare a sample
• Natural colour of sample is seen unless staining is used
• Specimens can be living or dead
• Resolution up to 0.2 um (2 × 10-7 m)

Electron microscope:
• Expensive to buy and operate
• Large and difficult to move
• Sample preparation is complex
• Black and white images produced; false colour can be added to image
• Specimens are dead
• Resolution up to 0.1 nm (1 x 10-10 m)

Biology Y9 (6 decks)

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