B11 Flashcards
B11.1
The endocrine system is composed of what?
Glands that secrete hormones
B11.1
What gland acts as a master gland?
Pituitary gland
B11.1
Give an example of a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and describe it’s function.
ADH- affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney
FSH- stimulates the ovaries to make oestrogen
TSH- helps thyroid gland make thyroxine
B11.1
Name the endocrine gland that produces insulin to control the level of glucose in the blood.
Pancreas
B11.2
What happens to excess glucose when the glycogen stores in the liver and muscles are full?
It is converted into lipids and stored
B11.2
What causes type 1 diabetes?
If your pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin, therefore your blood glucose concentration isn’t controlled
B11.2
If you have type 2 diabetes, what happens to the insulin you make?
Body cells don’t respond to it.
B11.2
What lifestyle factor has strong links to type 2 diabetes?
Obesity
B11.3
What would a person with type 1 diabetes have to do before eating meals?
An insulin injection
B11.3
Give one way type 1 diabetes could be cured in future.
1.Pancreas transplants
2.Transplanting the pancreatic cells that make insulin
B11.3
Name two steps a person with type 2 diabetes could do to restore their normal blood glucose balance.
- Eating a balanced diet with a carefully controlled amount of carbohydrates
- Losing weight
- Doing regular exercise
B11.4
What do negative feedback systems work to do?
Maintain a steady state in the body
B11.4
If a factor in the internal environment decreases, what will happen with the negative feedback system?
Changes take place to increase it and restore it to its original level.
B11.4
State three hormones involved in negative feedback systems.
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Thyroxine
- Oestrogen
B11.4
What does the thyroid gland in your neck use from your diet to produce the hormone thyroxine?
Iodine
B11.4
What essential thing does thyroxine play an important part in?
Growth and development
B11.4
If levels of thyroxine in the blood begin to fall, how does the body respond?
The amount of TSH released from the pituitary gland increases, stimulating the thyroid gland to produce more thyroxine.
B11.4
True or false:
Adrenaline is involved in a negative feedback system.
False
B11.4
Adrenaline causes stored glycogen in the liver to be converted to glucose for respiration. Name three other things adrenaline causes your body to do.
- Heart rate and breathing to increase
- Mental awareness to increase
- Blood to be diverted from digestive system to big muscles
- Pupils of eyes to dilate and let in more light
B11.4
What natural instinct does the hormone adrenaline prepare you for?
Fight or flight
B11.5
Between what ages will the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in a female happen?
8 to 14 years
B11.5
Once the uterus has grown and developed, what cycle happens?
A monthly menstrual cycle
B11.5
What hormone stimulates the release of the egg at ovulation?
LH (luteinising hormone)
B11.5
What happens when a woman’s supply of eggs runs out?
She goes through a menopause
