B11 Flashcards
What is the endocrine system
The endocrine system (hormonal) is made up of glands that releases chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Thyroid
Controls metabolic rate of the body
Pancreas
Controls blood glucose levels
Pituitary
Controls growth in children
Adrenal gland
Prepares the ‘floght or fight’ response
What does insulin do
allows glucose to move from the blood into the cells and to be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
WhT does glucagon do
glycogen to be converted back into glucose and released into the blood.
Glucose
The sugar used in respiration
Glycogen
A storage carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles
Glucagon
A hormone that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose
When there is high blood glucose…
Insulin released from pancreas
Glucose moves from blood into liver and muscle cells
Insulin makes liver turn glucose into glycogen for storage
Testes
Produces testostrone which controls sperm production and puberty
Ovaries
Produces oestrogen which is involved in menstrual cycle
Dif between nerves and hormones
Hormones have slow action and act for a long time in a more general way
Nerves have fast action and act for a short time in a precise area
When there is too little glucose….
Glucagon is released by pancreas
Glucose released into blood by liver
Glucagon makes liver turn glycogen into glucose
Explain type 1 diabetes
Where the pancreas produces little or no insulin - menas too much glucose
Treatment - insulin injections, diet (less carbs), regular exercise
Explain type 2 diabetes
Where a person becomes resistant to their own insulin - causes glucose levels to rise too high
Treatment - carb controlled diet and regular exercise
Risk factor - OBESITY
Four stages of menstrual cycle
Day 1-4 lining of uterus breaks down
Day 4-14 lining of the uterus builds up
Day 14 egg released
Day 14-28 lining of uterus is maintained
Four hormones that control the menstrual cycle (and where they’re produced from)
FSH - pituitary gland
LH - pituitary gland
Oestrogen - ovaries
Progesterone - ovaries by the remains of the follicle after ovulation (day 14)
FSH
Causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries in a follicle
Stimulates ovaries to make oestrogen
LH
Stimulates release of egg
Oestrogen
Causes lining of uterus to grow
Stimulates release of LH
And inhibits release of FSH
Progesterone
Maintains the lining of the uterus during the SECOND HALF
When progesterone falls, lining breaks down
Inhibits the release of FSH and LH
How can oestrogen reduce fertility
If its taken everyday to keep the level of it permanently high it inhibits the production of FSH and after a while egg development and production will stop .
