B1.1-B1.2

Question 1

What is the smallest form of carbohydrate?

Answer 1

Monosaccharides

Question 2

What are the monomers of triglyceride lipids

Answer 2

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 3

What are Lipids?

Answer 3

Molecules that are oils at warmer temperatures and fats at cooler temperatures

Question 4

What is a function of these molecules

Answer 4

To store energy, lipids store twice the chemical energy than carbohydrates.

Question 4

What elements are common within living organisms?

Answer 4

Phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen- often form bonds with carbon

Question 5

Common functional groups?

Answer 5

OH- hydroxyl
NH2- amino/amine
COOH- carboxyl
H2PO4-phosphate

Question 6

What are the subcategories of carbohydrates? and what are example molecules?

Answer 6

Monosaccrahyide (Glucose, galactose, ribose), Disaccharide (maltose, lactose), Polysaccrahide ( starch, cellulose, glycogen)

Question 7

What are the subcategories of Lipids? and what are example molecules?

Answer 7

Triglyceride- Fat stored in adipose cells
Phospholipids- lipids forming bilayer in cell membrane
Steroids- Some hormones

Question 7

What are example molecules of proteins?

Answer 7

enzymes, amino acids

Question 8

How does digestion occur?

Answer 8

Breaks down macromolecules due to hydrolysis reactions which can break covalent bonds. they are then an appropriate size to be absorbed into the blood stream. DNA in a body cells directs condensation reactions to produce a specific protein from the amino acid

Question 8

What are the subcategories of nucleic acids? and what are example molecules?

Answer 8

Nucleotides- DNA RNA

Question 9

What are macromolecules?

Answer 9

Made of smaller molecules called monomers

Question 10

What is formed in a condensation reaction?

Answer 10

A water molecule.

Question 11

What happened in a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 11

a water molecule gets split and added into the new smaller molcules.

Question 12

condensation of many glucose molecules to form a polysaccharide( startch)

Answer 12

Glucose= Starch + water

Question 12

Whats the formula for a condensation reaction of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Answer 12

Glucose + Galactose = Lactose + water

Question 13

Condensation of nucleotide components to form DNA or RNA

Answer 13

Phosphate group + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base = nucleotide + 2 water

Question 13

Condensation of amino acids to form a polypeptide

Answer 13

Amino acids= protein + water

Question 14

When two amino acids break apart losing water molecule form a what?

Answer 14

Peptide bond

Question 15

What always happens in a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 15

Water is always split

Question 16

What are the digestive enzymes called?

Answer 16

Hydrolysing enzymes

Question 17

What is an example of a Pentose monosaccharide

Answer 17

Ribose

Question 18

What is an example of a hexose monosaccharide

Answer 18

Glucose

Question 19

What are properties of glucose molecules

Answer 19

Molecular stability- covalent bonds don’t break easy
High solubility in water- glucose is polar
Easily transportable- Cause solubility
Yields a great deal of chemical energy

Question 20

What is starch?

Answer 20

A ploysaccarhidie made up of hundreds of glucose monomers

Question 21

What do bonds do plants use between glucose molecules?

Answer 21

Alpha 1-4 linkage and Alpha 1-6 linkage

Question 22

What is amylose?

Answer 22

Carbon 1 is bonded to carbon 4 of the adjoining glucose . the resulting molecule will be linear but in a helix shape

Question 23

What is amylopectin?

Answer 23

1-6 linkage with branchs

Question 24

What is glycogen?

Answer 24

A polysaccharide made of glucose monomer in a similar pattern to amylopectin. glycogen reserves are kept within our liver and muscle tissue.

Question 24

Starch and glycogen use what type of glucose?

Answer 24

Alpha form

Question 25

Cellulose uses what type of glucose? ( primary component in cell walls)

Answer 25

Beta form

Question 26

What is the function of cellulose?

Answer 26

To act as a structural molecule in nature

Question 27

What are the functions of membrane proteins?

Answer 27

-Cell to cell communication -Transport molcules in and out of the cell -Cell to cell adhesion -Catalyst as a result of enzymes sticking to cell membrane - recognition of body cells versus non body cells

Question 28

Lipids are known as what?

Answer 28

Triglycerides- one glycerol and three fatty acids formed through condensation reactions.

Question 28

What are saturated fatty acids?

Answer 28

Fatty acids that contain single bonds between the carbon- relatively high melting point, solid at room temperature

Question 28

What determines a persons ABO blood type?

Answer 28

The glycoproteins on the surface of a red blood cell

Question 29

Antigens?

Answer 29

A and B proteins

Question 30

What is adipose tissue?

Answer 30

Tissue that is composed of cells that store fat in triglycerides

Question 31

What are monosaturated fatty acids?

Answer 31

Fatty acids that have one double bond between carbons and the hydrocarbon chain. -liquid at room temp

Question 32

What are polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 32

More than one double bond in the hydrocarbon chain- liquid at room temperature