B1.1- cell structures Flashcards
(19 cards)
1
Q
What are eukaryotic cells?
A
- contain genetic material in the nucleus
- complex and relatively large (10 - 100)
- plant and animal cells
2
Q
What are prokaryotic cells?
A
- don’t contain a nucleus
- genetic material floats in the cytoplasm
- simple cells, typically small (1-10)
- bacterial cells
- single cells organisms
3
Q
Which sub-cellular structures do animal cells contain?
A
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
4
Q
Which sub-cellular structures do plant cells contain?
A
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
- cell wall
- chloroplast
- vacuole
5
Q
Nucleus:
A
- controls the activities of a cell
- contains the organism’s genetic material (arranged as chromosomes, determining cell’s function & appearance)
- contains instructions to make new cells/organisms
6
Q
Cytoplasm:
A
- jelly like substance
- chemical reactions that keep the cell alive occur here
7
Q
Mitochondria:
A
- where respiration occurs
- special protein molecules (enzymes) enable glucose & oxygen to react together
- the reactions transfer vital energy to the organism
8
Q
Cell membrane:
A
- selective barrier that controls which substances pass into and out of the cell
- contains receptor molecules
9
Q
Chloroplast:
A
- contains green chlorophyll (transfers energy from sun to plant as light> used in photosynthesis)
- only in the green parts of the plant
10
Q
Cell wall:
A
- surrounds the cell
- made of tough fibre (cellulose)
- makes the wall rigid
- supports the cell
11
Q
Vacuole:
A
- full of cell sap (watery solution of sugar and salts)
- helps to keep cell rigid
- supports the plant
- keeping it upright
12
Q
What are bacteria?
A
- smallest living organisms
- unicellular organisms (consist of just one cell)
- every cell can carry out MRS GREN
- around 1 in size
13
Q
Examples of prokaryotes:
A
- E.coli (cause food poisoning)
- streptococcus bacteria (cause sore throats)
- streptomyces bacteria (kills many disease causing bacteria)
14
Q
Which subcellular structures do prokaryotic cells contain?
A
- cell wall
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- genetic material
15
Q
Genetic material:
A
- floats freely in the cytoplasm
- one long strand of DNA (bacterial chromosome)
- normally circular
16
Q
Flagella:
A
- tail like structures
- allow the cell to move through liquids
17
Q
Pili:
A
- tiny hairlike structures
- enable the cell to attach to structures (digestive tract)
- used to transfer genetic material between bacteria
18
Q
Slime capsule:
A
- outside the cell wall
- protects a bacterium from drying out and from poisonous substances
- helps the bacteria to stick to smooth surfaces
19
Q
Plasmid:
A
- a circular piece of DNA used to store extra genes
