B11 Hormonal Control Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is a hormone
A chemical substance that helps to regulate a process innthe body
What does the hormone insulin do
Controls your blood glucose
What does the hormone adrenaline do
Prepares your body for fight or flight
How do hormones travel around the body
The blood carries hormones to target organs where it produces an effect
How do the effects of hormone differ from electrical impulses from the nervous systerm
Hormones can act rapidly, but compared to the neevous system, the effects are slower, but longer lasting
What is the endocrine system
The collection of glands that produce hormones
Why do we need to regulate blood sugar
Glucose is used in respiration in cells to carry out many functions
Why is it important that there is not too much sugar in the blood
Water would leave the cells by osmosis
Why is it important that there is not too little sugar in the blood
There would not be enough respiration
What does the pancreas do in the process of controlling blood sugar level
It controls and monitors the level of glucose in the blood using insulin and glucagon
How do insulin make your blood sugar drop
Your blood sugar increases after eating a meal
Your pancreas secretes insulin
Insulin allows glucose to move from your blood into your cells
Glucose also may be converted into glycogen ( insoluble carbohydrate )
Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles ( this can be converted into glucose if needed )
If glycogen stores are full then glucose is converted into lipids and stored ( can lead to obesity )
How does glucagon increase your blood sugar level
If you dont eat your blood sugar drops Pancreas secretes glucagon Glucagon tells the liver to break down glycogen into goucose Glucose is released into the bloodstream Blood sugar returns to normal
Type 1 diabetes how, who
Pancreas can’t make insulin or caused by an infection but mostly genetic
Effects young people
Type 2 diabetes how, who
Body stops responding to insulin, caused by unhealthy diet
Usually in later age with obesity
What is a negative feedback loop
It helps maintain a steady state in the body
If a factor increases inside the body, a change takes place to restore it to normal
A negative feedback response opposes a change
What is thyroxine
(Made from iodine in your diet ) from the thyroid gland
Stimulates the basal metabolic rate
Plays an important role in growth and development
What is adrenaline
Produced by adrenal glands in times of fear and stress
Increases heart rate and boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles
Prepares the body for fight or flight
Once danger has gone, levels return to normal
No negative feedback loop required
What is the negative feedback loop when there is a fall in thyroxine levels
Fall in thyroxine in the blood
Pituitary gland produces more TSH ( thyroid stimulating hormone )
Thyroid gland produces more thyroxine
Normal thyroxine levels
What is the negative feedback loop for a rise in thyroxine levels
Rise in thyroxine in the blood
Pituitary gland produces less TSH
Thyroid gland produces less thyroxine
Normal thyroxine levels
What is the male primary sex characteristic
The testes 🍆
What is the female primary sex characteristic
The Ovaries
What is the main male reproductive hormone and what secondary sex characteristics does it cause ( 9 )
Testorerone:
- Growth spurt
- Pubic hair
- Underarm hair
- Facial hair
- Larynx grows and voice breaks
- External genitalia and the skin around it darken
- Testes grow and become active
- Shoulders and chest broaden
- Muscles develop and brain matures
What is are the main female reproductive hormones and what secondary sex characteristics does it cause ( 10 )
Oestrogen, progesterone Oestrogen causes: 1. Growth spurt 2. Hair under the arms 3. Pubic hair 4. Breasts develop 5. External genitalia grow and skin darkens 6. Female pattern of fat is deposited on the hips, buttocks and thighs 7. Brain matures 8. Mature eggs form every month in the ovaries 9. Uterus grows and becomes active 10. Menstruation ( period ) begins
What two hormones does the pituitary gland produce for females and what are they important for
They are involved in fertility Follicle Stimulating Hormone ( FSH ): causes egg in ovary to mature Luteinizing Hormone ( LH ): stimulates release of the egg at ovulation
