B11:HormonalCoordination

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 2

how does the endocrine deliver the hormone

Answer 2

the blood carries the hormone to its target organ where an effect is produced, the target organ has receptors on the cell membrane that pick up the hormone molecules triggering a response

Question 3

rapid hormone responses

Answer 3

insulin and adrenaline

Question 4

what does insulin do

Answer 4

controls your blood glucose

Question 5

what does adrenaline do

Answer 5

prepare your body for fight or flight

Question 6

slow-acting hormones

Answer 6

growth hormones and sex hormones

Question 7

what do slow-acting hormones have

Answer 7

a long-term effect

Question 8

what do hormones provide for the body

Answer 8

chemical coordination and control for the body

Question 9

examples of hormones that the pituitary gland produces

Answer 9

ADH which affects the amount of urine the kidneys produce and growth hormones which affect the rate of growth in children

Question 10

what does FSH stand for

Answer 10

follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 11

what does FSH do

Answer 11

stimulates the ovaries to make the female sex hormone oestrogen

Question 12

what does TSH do

Answer 12

stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine that controls the rate of metabolism

Question 13

where is adrenaline made

Answer 13

adrenal gland

Question 14

where is oestrogen made

Answer 14

ovaries

Question 15

where is sperm made

Answer 15

testes

Question 16

key endocrine glands

Answer 16

pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, ovaries, testes pancreas

Question 17

where is insulin made

Answer 17

pancreas

Question 18

glucose

Answer 18

the sugar used in respiration

Question 19

glycogen

Answer 19

storage carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles

Question 20

glucagon

Answer 20

a hormone that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose

Question 21

what happens when your blood glucose concentration rises

Answer 21

the pancreas produces insulin, the insulin allows glucose to move to cells where it is used, soluble glucose is converted to insoluble glycogen so your blood glucose level stays stable

Question 22

what happens when your blood glucose concentration is too low

Answer 22

glycogen can be converted back into glucose at any point

Question 23

what happens if the glycogen stores in the liver and muscles are full

Answer 23

any excess will be converted into lipids and stored, if this regularly occurs it can lead to obesity

Question 24

what causes type 1 diabetes

Answer 24

when your pancreas doesn’t make enough or any insulin so your blood sugar isn’t controlled

Question 25

what happens eventually if you don't have insulin in your body

Answer 25

kidneys excrete glucose in the urine, you produce a lot of urine and feel thirsty all of the time

Question 26

what age is type 1 diabetes most common in

Answer 26

young children and teenagers, genetic element to the disease

Question 27

what causes type 2 diabetes

Answer 27

usually lack of exercise, obesity or both. Strong genetic tendency to develop type 2 diabetes

Question 28

what happens in type 2 diabetes

Answer 28

the pancreas still makes insulin but less than you need, your body cells stop responding to the insulin you make

Question 29

how is type 1 diabetes treated

Answer 29

by injecting insulin into the body

Question 30

how is type 2 diabetes treated

Answer 30

by a carbohydrate-controlled diet and taking more exercise, if this doesn't work then drugs may be needed

Question 31

thyroxine from the thyroid gland stimulates what

Answer 31

basal metabolic rate

Question 32

what does thyroxine play an important part in

Answer 32

growth and development

Question 33

why is adrenaline produced

Answer 33

in times of fear or stress

Question 34

what does adrenaline do

Answer 34

increase the heart rate, boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain on muscles

Question 35

what is thyroxine controlled by which adrenaline is not

Answer 35

negative feedback

Question 36

sperm duct function

Answer 36

carries sperm to the urethra

Question 37

penis function

Answer 37

places sperm into the vagina

Question 38

testes function

Answer 38

make sperm

Question 39

scrotum function

Answer 39

keeps the testes outside the body for maximum sperm production

Question 40

ovary function

Answer 40

produce eggs

Question 41

fallopian tube/oviduct function

Answer 41

where the egg travels to the uterus and may be fertilised

Question 42

cervix function

Answer 42

entrance to the uterus

Question 43

uterus function

Answer 43

fetus develops here

Question 44

vagina function

Answer 44

receives sperm during sexual intercourse

Question 45

what happens with eggs in puberty

Answer 45

begin to mature and one is released every 28 days at ovulation

Question 46

what is the main female reproductive hormone

Answer 46

oestrogen

Question 47

what is the main male reproductive hormone

Answer 47

testosterone

Question 48

what does testosterone do

Answer 48

stimulates sperm production

Question 49

what hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle

Answer 49

FSH,LH,oestrogen and progesterone

Question 50

what does LH stand for

Answer 50

luteinising hormone

Question 51

what does FSH do in the menstrual cycle

Answer 51

causes the eggs in the ovary to mature

Question 52

what does LH do in the menstrual cycle

Answer 52

stimulates the release of eggs at ovulation

Question 53

what do oestrogen and progesterone do in the menstrual cycle

Answer 53

stimulate the build-up and maintenance of the uterus lining

Question 54

what does progesterone also do in the menstrual cycle

Answer 54

maintains the lining of the uterus for around 10 days and inhibits FSH and LH

Question 55

what can fertility be controlled by

Answer 55

hormonal and non-hormonal methods of contraception

Question 56

examples of contraceptive methods

Answer 56

implants, patches, oral contraceptives, hormonal injections

Question 57

examples of barrier methods

Answer 57

condoms, diaphragms, spermicidal agents

Question 58

what can be used to stimulate ovulation in women with low FSH levels

Answer 58

FSH and LH

Question 59

what does IVF stand for

Answer 59

in vitro fertilisation

Question 60

how does IVF work

Answer 60

uses LH and FSH to stimulate maturation of eggs that are collected, fertilised, allowed to start development and replaced in the uterus

Question 61

advantages of IVF

Answer 61

having a child

Question 62

disadvantages of IVF

Answer 62

expensive, not always successful, health risks, multiple pregnancies, emotionally and physically stressful

Question 63

what are plants sensitive to

Answer 63

light and gravity

Question 64

the response of a plant to light

Answer 64

phototropism

Question 65

the response of a plant to gravity

Answer 65

gravitropism/geotropism

Question 66

what makes the plants respond to light and gravity

Answer 66

a hormone called auxin

Question 67

why do plants respond to the stimuli light and gravity

Answer 67

the imbalance of auxin in roots and shoots

Question 68

what way do shoots grow

Answer 68

towards light

Question 69

what way do roots grow

Answer 69

towards gravity

Question 70

what are plant hormones used in

Answer 70

agriculture and horticulture

Question 71

what are auxins used for

Answer 71

weed killers, rooting powders, tissue culture

Question 72

what is ethene used for

Answer 72

controlling fruit ripening

Question 73

what are gibberellins used for

Answer 73

increase fruit size, end seed dormancy, promote flowering in the malting process, increase the yield of sugar cane