B1.1 what is in cells?

Question 1

sub-cellular structures

Answer 1

structures found in cells
-mitochondria
-ribosomes
-cytoplasm
-cell membrane
-chloroplast
-nucleus

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

the control center of the cell

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

where chemical reactions take place (in living cells)

Question 4

cell membrane

Answer 4

a layer that holds the cytoplasm in a cell and controls what enters or leaves the cell

Question 5

mitochondria

Answer 5

structures in the cytoplasm where energy is produced from chemical reactions

Question 6

ribosomes

Answer 6

small structures found in the cytoplasm of living cells where protein synthesis takes place

Question 7

cell wall

Answer 7

a protective layer found outside the cell membrane of a plant, fungal and bacterial cells. it helps support the cells

Question 8

cellulose

Answer 8

a carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of plants

Question 9

vacuole

Answer 9

a fluid-filled hole inside a cell that is used for storage and support
containing cell sap

Question 10

chloroplast

Answer 10

a structure that contains chlorophyll (which makes it green). it is found in algae and plants that carry out photosynthesis

Question 11

prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

(bacteria, protists, fungi) that don’t have a nucleus or organelles (like mitochondria)

Question 12

eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

cells that have a nucleus and sub-cellular organelles (like mitochondrial)

Question 13

plasmid

Answer 13

a small circle of DNA in prokaryotic cells (instead of a nucleus)

Question 14

resolution

Answer 14

the smallest distance apart 2 objects can be and still be seen as seperate objects

Question 15

electron microscope

Answer 15

a device that fires electrons at a specimen to obtain a high resolution image

Question 16

magnification

Answer 16

how many times larger an image is then the actual object

Question 17

agar

Answer 17

a jelly made from algae that is used to culture microorganisms

Question 18

culture

Answer 18

a substance that provides the nutrients for the artificial growth of bacteria and other cells

Question 19

petri dish

Answer 19

a round shallow dish used to grow bacteria

Question 20

chromosomes

Answer 20

a long molecule found in the nucleus of all cells, made from DNA

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

molecules which contain genetic information and make up chromosomes

Question 22

cell cycle

Answer 22

the series of growth and division events that a cell goes through during its lifetime

Question 23

undifferentiated

Answer 23

a cell that has not yet become specialised (carry out a specific job)

Question 24

surface area to volume ratio

Answer 24

a way of comparing the surface area of an organism to its volume - the smaller this ratio the harder it is to exchange substances with the environment at a fast enough rate

Question 25

factors of light microscopes

Answer 25

cheap shows living cells low resolution

Question 26

factors of electron microscopes

Answer 26

expensive shows dead cells high resolution

Question 27

magnification equation

Answer 27

size of image ---------------------------- size of the real object

Question 28

mm Mm size in meters 10^ nm

Answer 28

mm= 10^-3 Mm=10^-6 nm=10^-9

Question 29

why are muscle cells specialised

Answer 29

protein fibres(to contract) lots of mitochondria for energy

Question 30

how are sperm cells specialized

Answer 30

flagella acrosome(to penetrate egg) lots of mitochondria

Question 31

how are red blood cells specialized?

Answer 31

no nucleus(for more space to carry oxygen) contain haemoglobin( which binds to oxygen) small(to fit through narrow vessels)

Question 32

how are white blood cells specialized?

Answer 32

Irregular shape(to get to infections faster)

Question 33

how do white blood cells engulf substances?

Answer 33

surrounding then destroying the substance