B1.2

Question 1

What are long strands of DNA called?

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

How many chromosomes do most people have?

Answer 2

46

Question 3

What organisms share identical DNA?

Answer 3

Identical twins and clones

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

Short sections of DNA that code for a characteristic such as their eye colour

Question 5

What does the code of the gene allow?

Answer 5

It allows specific proteins to be made

Question 6

How many strands are there in a DNA and what are they joined together by?

Answer 6

2 strands which are joined together by bases which are then twisted together to form a double helix shape

Question 7

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 7

It’s a monomer found in the DNA that consists of a base, sugar and a ribose group

Question 8

What are the four bases called?

Answer 8

A= adenine 
T= thymine 
C= cytosine 
G= guanine

Question 9

What is a complementary base pairing?

Answer 9

The pairing of bases between two strands of DNA

Question 10

What is the mRNA?

Answer 10

Copy of a DNA strand used to carry the genetic code out of the nucleus so that proteins are synthesised

Question 11

What is the process in which mRNA is produced?

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

What are enzymes?

Answer 12

Made from protein

Biological catalysts- speed up a reaction without taking part in it themselves

Question 13

What reactions do enzymes take part in your body?

Answer 13

Building larger molecules from smaller ones like in protein synthesis
Break down larger molecules into smaller ones like digestion

Question 14

What factors affect enzyme?

Answer 14

Temperature- if temp is too low, the enzymes don’t collide with each other as often and if the temperature passes the optimum, enzymes start to denature.

pH- has to have an optimum pH

Concentration- Higher the concentration higher the rate of reaction.