B12: homeostasis in action Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is homeostasis?
maintenance of a constant internal environment
give three internal conditions controlled in homeostasis
body temp, bloody glucose concentration, water levels
What is homeostasis?
Maintenance of a constant internal environment
Homeostasis is crucial for the survival of organisms, ensuring stable conditions for enzymatic reactions and cellular processes.
Give three internal conditions controlled in homeostasis.
- Body temperature
- Blood glucose concentration
- Water levels
These conditions are vital for maintaining optimal physiological functioning.
Give three things all control systems include.
- Receptors
- Coordination centres
- Effectors
These components work together to regulate physiological processes.
Where is body temperature monitored and controlled?
Thermoregulatory centre in the brain
The hypothalamus is specifically involved in thermoregulation.
What happens if body temperature is too high?
Blood vessels dilate (vasodilation) and sweat is produced
This response helps cool the body down through increased heat loss.
What happens if body temperature is too low?
Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction), sweating stops, and shivering takes place
These mechanisms help conserve heat and generate warmth.
What is the function of the kidneys?
Filter and reabsorb useful substances from the blood, and produce urine to excrete excess water, ions, and urea
Kidneys are essential for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
How are excess amino acids excreted from the body?
Deaminated to form ammonia in the liver, ammonia is converted to urea and excreted
This process is crucial for detoxifying ammonia, which is toxic.
Which hormone controls the water level in the body?
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.
How is kidney failure treated?
Organ transplant or kidney dialysis
These treatments help maintain homeostasis when kidneys can no longer function effectively.
In kidney dialysis, what fluid is temporarily removed from the patient’s body?
Blood
Dialysis removes waste products and excess substances from the blood.
In kidney dialysis, name one substance that diffuses from the patient’s blood into the dialysis fluid.
Urea or waste products
This diffusion helps cleanse the blood of harmful substances.
Define diffusion.
The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion is a fundamental process in biological systems.
What are proteins broken down into?
Amino acids
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for various bodily functions.
Amino acids are de-aminated to form ammonia in what organ of the body?
The liver
The liver processes amino acids and detoxifies ammonia produced during metabolism.
Why does ammonia need to be excreted safely?
Ammonia is toxic
Safe excretion is crucial to prevent ammonia buildup, which can be harmful to the body.
State two things controlled by negative feedback in the body.
- Blood glucose
- Water
Negative feedback mechanisms help maintain homeostasis by counteracting deviations from set points.
Where is the hormone adrenaline produced?
Adrenal glands
Adrenaline plays a key role in the body’s response to stress.
What is the function of adrenaline?
Prepares the body for fight or flight, increases heart rate
This hormone triggers physiological changes that enhance physical performance in stressful situations.
Where is the hormone thyroxine produced?
Thyroid gland
Thyroxine is crucial for regulating metabolism.
What is the function of thyroxine?
Regulates how quickly the body produces energy, proteins
Thyroxine influences metabolic rate and overall energy levels.
