B1.3 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the cell surface membrane also called
It’s also called the plasma membrane
Where is the cell surface membrane found
Around the outside of the cell
What does the cell surface membrane consist of
It consists of a phospholipid bilayer together with proteins, antigens and other components.
What is the cell surface membrane described as
The fluid mosaic model
What’s is the function of the cell surface membrane
It controls the entry and exit of substances that come in and out of the cell
What does the nucleus contain
DNA
What is DNA short for
deoxyribonucleic (dee-OK-see-ri-bo-new-klee-ik) acid
What is the nucleus surrounded by
The nuclear envelope
This is a double membrane that has may gaps or pores
What does the nucleus contain
It contains genetic information in the form of DNA
What else is DNA combined with inside the nucleus
DNA is also combined with proteins known as histones, which forms the complex known as chromatin.
What is chromatin
Chromatin is coiled and super coiled to form the chromosomes
What is the function of the mitochondria
They are the site of aerobic respiration
Why is aerobic respiration used in the mitochondria
It’s important as it it helps to make energy for the cell in the form of ATP, and makes a lot more ATP in comparison to anaerobic respiration.
What is ATP short for
Adenosine triphosphate
What is aerobic respiration
It’s the process where glucose is reacted with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
The reaction is exothermic, so the energy transferred in the reaction is used to produce ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell
Almost all of the processes in the cell that require energy is obtained from ATP.
How is mitochondria stored
Like nuclei, mitochondria are enclosed by a double membrane (envelope).
The inner membrane is folded into structures called cristae and is filled with fluid known as the matrix.
What is the phospholipid bilayer
A double layer of phospholipids with the hydrophobic tails arranged towards the middle and the hydrophilic heads on the outside.
It forms the basis of all biological membranes.
What do all cell membranes consist of
Consist of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins and other components
What is an organelle
They’re specialised structures within plant and animal cells that have specific functions. Some types of organelles are also found in bacteria cells.
What is the cytoplasm
It’s the fluid component of the cell, enclosed by the cell membrane and surrounding organelles.
What is an organism
It’s an individual plant, animal or single celled life form
What is a ribosome
They’re the smallest organelles within the cell
What is the ribosome function
They are the site of protein synthesis.
Protein synthesis includes two phases, transcription and translation.
Where are ribosomes within the cell
They float free in the cytoplasm and make the proteins needed within the cell, and others are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
