B1.3 Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is a drug?
a chemical substance from outside the body that affects the CNS and brings about changes in the body that can lead to addiction.
What are painkillers?
Deaden Pain e.g. morphine
What are hallucinogens?
Sense of false reality e.g. cannabis
What are stimulants?
Increase reaction time and enhance the release of neurotransmitters e.g. caffeine
What are depressants?
Slow activity of brain and reactions e.g. alcohol
What do painkillers do?
Block the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse.
What is in cigarette smoke?
Carbon monoxide- reduces the amount of oxygen red blood cells can carry
Nicotine - addictive stimulant that raises your blood pressure and increased risk of heart disease
Tar- contains carcinogens
What do alcoholic drinks do?
Contain ethanol which causes lower inhibitions, slowed reaction times, blurred vision and less control.
They can also cause liver disease, brain damage, heart disease and cancer.
What are antiseptics?
Stop microbes from multiplying
What are antibiotics?
Interfere with the growth of bacteria
What are antifungals?
used to treat fungal infections
What does pathogen mean?
its an organism that causes infectious diseases
HIV?
Its a virus that causes AIDS. It destroys white blood cells that help defend the body against pathogens
What are some physical barriers?
Human skin forms a physical barrier, lungs contain mucus traps bacteria swept away by the cilia until it reaches the throat and then swallowed.
plant surfaces are a physical barrier.
What are some chemical barriers?
Tears contain enzymes which destroy bacteria
Platelets form scabs
white blood cells create antibodies and destroy pathogens
HCL in the stomach to kill bacteria
glands produce sebum which kills bacteria and fungi
What does mutualism mean?
Relationship were both species benefit
What does parasitism mean?
one sided relationship between two species
What does nitrogen fixing bacteria do?
It converts nitrogen from the are into compounds which can be used to make proteins.
What does biomass mean?
Amount of tissue in a organism
What does eutrophication mean?
nitrates and phosphates leak into the water and stimulate excess growth creating algae bloom
This blocks sunlight so the plants die and use up oxygen decaying causing the fish to die
What are indicator species?
animals that cant survive in certain conditions
What does nitrifying bacteria do?
Turns ammonia/ammonium into nitrate
What does denitrifying bacteria do?
Breaks down nitrates and returns nitrogen into the air
