B13 reproduction

Question 1

What are amino acids made from

Answer 1

Gene codes which are made from nucleotide

Question 2

What is meiosis

Answer 2

Cell division in reproductive organs resulting in gametes

Question 3

What’s are gametes

Answer 3

Sex cells in animals egg and sperm in plants pollen and egg

Question 4

What’s is a clone

Answer 4

A genetically identical organisms

Question 5

What’s a phenotype

Answer 5

The physical characteristics that a organism has due to the genotypes genetic coating

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

The two alleles an organism has for a specific characteristic

Question 7

What’s an Allele

Answer 7

A version of a gene some may have an allele for blue eyes and other may have one for brown eyes

Question 8

What are dominant alleles

Answer 8

A allele which is always expressed in phenotype (strong gene)

Question 9

What’s variation

Answer 9

The differences in organisms

Question 10

What’s DNA

Answer 10

A polymer made up of two strands which makes a double helix, these strands contain nucleotides

Question 11

What are chromosomes

Answer 11

Long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins which contain genes there are 23 pairs of them in humans

Question 12

What’s a gene

Answer 12

A small section of DNA on a chromosome each gene codes for a protein

Question 13

What is genome

Answer 13

All the genetic material in a organism

Question 14

What’s a recessive allele

Answer 14

It is only expressed in the phenotype if there is no dominant allele (weaker gene)

Question 15

What’s homozygous

Answer 15

When the alleles in a genotype are the same

Question 16

What’s heterozygous

Answer 16

When the alleles in a genotype are different

Question 17

What’s polydactyl

Answer 17

An inherited condition where you have an extra finger or toe which is controlled by a dominant allele

Question 18

What is cystic fibrosis

Answer 18

An inherited condition where thick sticky mucus is produced in the lungs and digestive system which is controlled by a recessive allele

Question 19

How does sexual reproduction work

Answer 19

It’s the fusion of male and female gametes where genetic information is mixed causing variation in offspring

Question 20

How does Asexual reproduction work

Answer 20

Involves only 1 parent and no fusion of gametes which means genetic information can’t be mixed which leads to genetically identical offspring (clones)

Question 21

Describe the 1st stage of sexual reproduction

Answer 21

Starts with meiosis causing cells in the reproductive organs to divide forming gametes

Question 22

Describe the 2nd stage of sexual reproduction

Answer 22

Once the cells divide they divide again forming 4 gametes each with a single set of chromosomes

Question 23

Describe the 3rd stage of sexual reproduction

Answer 23

Each gamete is genetically different as they have taken different parts of DNA

Question 24

Describe the 4th stage of sexual reproduction

Answer 24

When the gametes join at fertilisation the cell returns to the normal amount of chromosomes

Question 25

Describe the 5th stage of sexual reproduction

Answer 25

The new cell with a combination of DNA divides by mitosis forming an embryo. Cells in the embryo differentiate to form specialised cells as it develops more.

Question 26

What do we use to predict the probability of characteristic

Answer 26

By doing a genetic cross using a punnet square

Question 27

What’s do the pairs of chromosomes determine

Answer 27

The first 22 pairs determine the characteristic and the last pair the sex

Question 28

What’s are the chromosomes of a female compared to a male

Answer 28

Females have the same last chromosomes (XX) where as males are different (XY)

Question 29

Advantages of genetic screening

Answer 29

Aborting a pregnancy to save the child from suffering from the genetic disease

Question 30

Disadvantage of genetic screening

Answer 30

We shouldn’t have the right to end a life of an unborn child