b13: reproduction Flashcards
(19 cards)
what is sexual reproduction
joining (fusion) of male and female gametes
what type of cell division is involved in sexual reproduction
meiosis
what is meiosis
cell division that produces daughter cells
what type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction
mitosis
what are male and female sex chromosomes in humans
XX- female
XY- male
what are the male and female gametes in flowering plants
pollen- male gamete
ovule- female gamete
what is the main genetic material in cells called
DNA
what is the structure of DNA
2 complementary strands forming a double helix
what is a gene
small section of DNA that codes for a particular amino acid sequence, to make a specific protein
what are alleles
different forms of the same gene
what is a recessive allele
allele that needs to be present twice to be expressed
what is a dominant allele
allele that is always expressed, even if the only one copy is present
what is a genome
the entire genetic material of a organism
define the term homozygous
two of the same alleles present in an organism
define the term heterozygous
two different alleles present in an organism
what type of allele causes polydactyly
dominant allele
what type of allele causes cystic fibrosis
recessive allele
how many chromosomes do normal human body cells have
23 pairs (46)
why is studying the human genome important
- search for genes linked to certain diseases
-tracing past human migration
-understand the treatment of inherited disorders
