B1.3 - Respiration Flashcards
(31 cards)
Why do you need carbohydrates and fats?
They provide you with energy to move and stay alive
Why do you need proteins?
It is used for the growth and repair of body tissues.
What is the metabolic rate?
The speed at which chemical reactions transfer energy from its chemical stores in food.
What enzymes break down carbohydrates?
Carbohydrase
What enzyme breaks down starch?
Amylase
Are proteins polymers?
Yes - they are formed from amino acids.
What enzyme breaks down protein
Protease
What are lipids?
They are the fats and oils you eat.
What are lipids used for?
- energy store
- insulation
- buoyancy
What are lipids synthesised from?
3 fatty acid molecules and glycerol
What enzyme breaks down lipids
lipase
What happens once food molecules are fully digested?
They are absorbed into the bloodstream and then travel to the cells that need them.
Why is energy continually transferred in your body?
So that you can grow, keep warm and so your body can function
Where does energy come from
Chemical stores in the food you eat
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What does aerobic respiration do?
It transfers energy from its chemical store in glucose to another chemical energy store for all processes in the cell. This energy store is called ATP.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What happens to the energy produced during respiration?
It is used …
- to synthesise larger molecules from smaller ones to make new cell material.
- for MOVEMENT - animals use ATP to contract muscle cells enabling the organism to move
- to stay WARM
How does respiration help an animal to stay warm?
When an animals surroundings are colder than they are, they increase their rate of respiration. This transfers more energy by heating so that they can keep their body at a constant temperature
Where does respiration occur?
Respiration takes place inside the mitochondria of a cell.
Each chemical that takes place during respiration is controlled by a specific enzyme
Is respiration endothermic or exothermic?
EXOTHERMIC as energy is transferred to the surroundings by heating.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose —> lactic acid
What is anaerobic respiration
This series of chemical reactions does not need oxygen.
It allows the body to transfer extra energy for short amounts of time.
Glucose isn’t completely broken down instead poisonous lactic acid is produced
