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bio kerboodle > b1.4 > Flashcards

b1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

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3
Q

Where does photosynthesis mainly occur?

A

In the leaf, specifically inside the chloroplasts

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4
Q

What pigment is responsible for the green color of leaves and is involved in photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

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5
Q

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

A
  • Stage 1 (light dependent)
  • Stage 2 (light independent)
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6
Q

What happens during Stage 1 of photosynthesis?

A

Energy from light splits water molecules into oxygen gas and hydrogen ions

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7
Q

What happens during Stage 2 of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide gas combines with hydrogen ions to make glucose

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8
Q

What is photosynthesis an example of?

A

An endothermic reaction

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9
Q

What type of pores allow carbon dioxide to enter the plant for photosynthesis?

A

Stomata

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10
Q

What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis?

A
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
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11
Q

What does the plant use glucose for?

A
  • Immediate respiration
  • Conversion to other sugars
  • Conversion to starch for energy storage
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12
Q

What is the form in which glucose is transported around the plant’s tissues?

A

Sucrose

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13
Q

What happens to glucose that is not needed immediately?

A

It is converted to starch for energy storage

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14
Q

What are three ways in which plants use glucose?

A
  • Respiration
  • Making proteins
  • Making cellulose and fats
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15
Q

Why can’t photosynthesis occur in root cells?

A

Root cells lack chloroplasts and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis

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16
Q

True or False: Photosynthesis produces oxygen as a waste product.

A

True

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: Photosynthesis means using light to make a _______.

A

new substance

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18
Q

What is the function of root hair cells in plants?

A

To increase surface area for water absorption

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19
Q

What is a synoptic link mentioned regarding osmosis?

A

You can learn more about osmosis in B2.1.2 Osmosis

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20
Q

What type of organisms, besides plants, are mentioned as photosynthetic?

A

Algae

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21
Q

What is the significance of glucose in the context of plant growth and survival?

A

It is used to produce ATP through respiration

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22
Q

What is the purpose of testing a leaf for the presence of starch?

A

To demonstrate that light, chlorophyll, and carbon dioxide are essential for photosynthesis

Starch indicates that photosynthesis has occurred.

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23
Q

What happens to a mouse in a jar without oxygen?

A

The mouse dies when it runs out of oxygen

This illustrates the importance of oxygen produced by photosynthesis.

24
Q

Who conducted the famous experiment proving that oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis?

A

Joseph Priestley in 1772

His experiment involved a mouse and a plant in a sealed jar.

25
What is the first step in testing for starch in a leaf?
Place the leaf in a beaker of boiling water for a minute to kill it ## Footnote This step prepares the leaf for further testing.
26
What is the role of ethanol in the starch testing procedure?
To remove all the chlorophyll from the leaf ## Footnote Chlorophyll can interfere with the starch test.
27
What color does iodine turn if starch is present?
From yellow-brown to blue-black ## Footnote This color change indicates the presence of starch.
28
Why is it necessary to destarch a plant before conducting photosynthesis experiments?
To ensure that no starch is present in the leaves being tested ## Footnote This allows for accurate results in testing photosynthesis.
29
How can you prove that chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis?
By testing a destarched variegated leaf after exposing it to sunlight ## Footnote Only green areas of the leaf should turn blue-black when tested for starch.
30
What method can be used to demonstrate that light is essential for photosynthesis?
Cover part of a leaf with black card or tin foil ## Footnote The covered area will not photosynthesize and will not produce starch.
31
What is the purpose of placing soda lime in a polythene bag with a plant?
To absorb carbon dioxide and water vapor ## Footnote This helps demonstrate that carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis.
32
How can you prove that oxygen is given off during photosynthesis?
Collect gas above an aquatic plant and test it with a glowing splint ## Footnote The splint will relight, indicating the presence of oxygen.
33
What happens to the iodine added to the tested leaf if no starch is present?
The iodine remains yellow-brown ## Footnote This indicates that photosynthesis did not occur in that area.
34
State simply how you would test for the products of photosynthesis.
By examining the gas collected from an aquatic plant and testing for starch in the leaves ## Footnote This helps identify both oxygen and starch as products.
35
True or False: Chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis.
True ## Footnote Only the green parts of the leaf, which contain chlorophyll, can photosynthesize.
36
Fill in the blank: To demonstrate that _____ is needed for photosynthesis, cover part of a leaf with black card.
light ## Footnote This method allows for testing the effects of light on photosynthesis.
37
Explain why only the iodine added to the green parts of the leaf turned blue-black.
Because only the green parts contain chlorophyll, which is necessary for photosynthesis and starch production ## Footnote The white areas cannot photosynthesize.
38
What should you do before testing a leaf for starch after exposing it to sunlight?
Destarch the plant by keeping it in the dark for at least 24 hours ## Footnote This ensures that any starch found is due to the recent photosynthesis.
39
What are the factors that affect photosynthesis?
Light intensity, carbon dioxide, and temperature ## Footnote These factors are known as limiting factors.
40
Define limiting factors in the context of photosynthesis.
Factors that restrict the rate of photosynthesis, such as low light, low carbon dioxide, or low temperature.
41
How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured?
By measuring the amount of oxygen or glucose produced in a given time.
42
What is the formula to calculate the rate of photosynthesis?
rate = 1/t, where t is the time for the measurement to occur.
43
If it takes 2 minutes to collect 1 cm of oxygen gas at a light intensity of 2500 lux, what is the rate of photosynthesis?
0.5 min⁻¹
44
How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?
The higher the light intensity, the faster the rate of photosynthesis, up to a maximum rate.
45
What happens to photosynthesis at very low light levels?
Photosynthesis stops.
46
What is the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis?
The greater the carbon dioxide concentration, the faster the rate of reaction.
47
What is the typical concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
About 0.04%.
48
How do farmers increase the rate of photosynthesis in greenhouses?
By artificially increasing the levels of carbon dioxide.
49
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Higher temperatures increase the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions, but too high temperatures can denature enzymes.
50
What is the consequence of enzymes denaturing in photosynthesis?
The reactions will stop.
51
Fill in the blank: Photosynthesis is a series of ________ reactions.
enzyme-controlled
52
Why do plants grow more in summer than in winter?
Due to higher light intensity and temperature, which enhance photosynthesis.
53
True or False: The term 'amount' should be used when discussing photosynthesis.
False
54
What should be referred to instead of 'amount' when discussing factors affecting photosynthesis?
Light intensity or concentration of carbon dioxide.
55
What could be predicted if the sky became cloudy in relation to photosynthesis?
The rate of photosynthesis would decrease.
56
What is the expected outcome if the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is reduced?
The rate of photosynthesis would decrease.

bio kerboodle (17 decks)

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