B15 - Evolution and Classification

Question 1

name:

the two theories of evoltion and their scientists

Answer 1

1. Lamarck - evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics
2. Darwin - evolution by natural selection

Question 2

describe:

Lamarck’s theory of evolution

Answer 2

during an animals lifetime, they acquire characteristics which are then passed down to their offsprings

Question 3

describe:

Darwin’s theory of evolution

natural selection

Answer 3

• variations within a population
• some organims were more adapted the environment
• these organisms survive and reproduce
• passing desirable genes to the offspring

Question 4

name:

the two scientists that suggested evolution by natural selection

Answer 4

Charles Darwin and Carl Woese

Question 5

define:

mimicry

Answer 5

when an organims exhibits characteristics of another organism

Question 6

name

Mendel’s experiment

Answer 6

breeding peas

Question 7

name

a method that Darwin used to try and prove his theory

Answer 7

breeding pigeons

Question 8

list:

2 reasons why people refused Darwin’s theory

Answer 8

• religious view of God
• some believed there wasn’t enough evidence

Question 9

What did Alfred Russel Wallace do?

Answer 9

proposed theory of evolution by natural selection similarly to Darwin

Question 10

define:

speciation

Answer 10

1. organisms become isolated in an environment
2. they adapt, and alleles change
3. eventually, they cannot interbreed with their species to produce fertile offspring
4. this forms a new species

Question 11

define:

extinction

Answer 11

when there are no remaining individuals of a species alive

Question 12

name:

2 pieces of evidence for evolution by natural selection

Answer 12

• fossil records
• antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Question 13

define:

fossil

Answer 13

the remains of organisms from millions of years ago

Question 14

name:

2 concepts Carl Linnaeus introduced

Answer 14

• classification system
• bionomial naming system

Question 15

name:

the concept Carl Woese introduced

Answer 15

Three Domain system

Question 16

How to construct an organism’s name?

Answer 16

binomial name = genus + species

Question 17

name:

mnemonic device to remember the Linnaean classification system

Answer 17

Keep Ponds Clean Or Frogs Get Sick

Question 18

list:

7 levels of the Linnaean classification system

Answer 18

1. kingdom
2. phylum
3. class
4. order
5. family
6. genus
7. species

Question 19

describe:

Three Domain System

Answer 19

there are 3 “domains” which are on a higher level than “kingdom” in the Linnaean classification system

Question 20

name and describe:

the three domains

Answer 20

• Archea - primitive forms of bacteria, incudes extremophiles
• Bacteria - true bacteria
• Eukaryota - all cells containing a nucleus

Question 21

list 2:

reasons why Mendel’s work was not accepted

Answer 21

• no explanation
• he didnt communicate it well
• published in an unknown scientific journal