B19- Human Influences on Ecosystems

Question 1

Define Ecosystem

Answer 1

A unit containing the community of organisms and their environment interacting together
(all living and non-living factors interacting together in a art of environment)

Question 2

Define Population

Answer 2

all of the members of the same species in a particular area

Question 3

Define community

Answer 3

all of the population of living organisms in one area. (biotic environment)

Question 4

Define biotic environment

Answer 4

Environment of living organisms

Question 5

Define abiotic environment

Answer 5

Environment of non-living factors

Question 6

Define biodiversity

Answer 6

The number of different species that live in an area

Question 7

What reduces biodiversity? [3]

Answer 7

1. Low rainfall
2. extreme temperatures
3. Pollution

Question 8

What are the 6 reasons for habitat destructions [6]

Answer 8

1. Increased land use
2. Extraction of natural resources
3. Marine pollution
4. Discarded rubbish
5. Untreated sewage of fertilisers
6. Chemical waste

Question 9

Examples of Increased land use (Habitat destructions) [4]

Answer 9

1. Housing
2. Crop plant producers
3. Livestock production
4. roads/buildings

Question 10

Effects of Increased land use (Habitat destruction) [4]

Answer 10

1. Reducing Biodiversity
2. Destroying habitats
3. Extinction of species
4. Less photosynthesis- enhanced greenhouse effect

Question 11

Examples of extraction of natural resources (Habitat destructions) [4]

Answer 11

1. oil
2. coal
3. gas
4. timber

Question 12

Effects of extraction of natural resources (Habitat destructions) [3]

Answer 12

1. Loss of plants to reduce CO2
2. Smits large amounts of CO2 (combustion)
3. large areas need to be cleared

Question 13

Examples of Marine Pollution (Habitat destructions) [4]

Answer 13

1. Oil spills
2. Eutrophication
3. untreated sewage
4. fertilizers

Question 14

Effects of Marine Pollution (Habitat destructions) [4]

Answer 14

1. Decrease in Biodiversity
2. Loss of habitat
3. Extinction due to lack of o2
4. Food chain contamination (microplastic being absorbed by marine animals)

Question 15

Examples of discarded rubbish (Habitat destructions) [4]

Answer 15

1. metal
2. plastics
3. food waste
4. sewage

Question 16

Effects of discarded rubbish (Habitat destructions) [5]

Answer 16

1. harming animals
2. Suffocates animals
3. decaying food attracts diseases
4. Blocks waterways
5. Contaminates surrounding environments

Question 17

Examples of Untreated sewage or fertilisers (Habitat destructions) [4]

Answer 17

1. Human waste
2. Animal waste
3. Food waste
4. Chemical fertilisers (Nitrate)

Question 18

Effects of Untreated sewage or fertilisers (Habitat destructions) [4]

Answer 18

1. Good source of food for Bacteria (Use up O2)
2. Algal blooms then dies (food for bacteria, use up O2)
3. Aquatic organisms die because of Eutrophication (water anoxic)

Question 19

Examples of Chemical Waste (Habitat destructions) [4]

Answer 19

1. Pesticides
2. Nuclear Waste
3. Female Hormones
4. Heavy metal (mercury/lead)

Question 20

Effects of Chemical Waste (Habitat destructions) [4]

Answer 20

1. Bioaccumulation in food chain
2. Kills top predators
3. Causes health problems
4. Feminization- develop female characteristics

Question 21

What are the Effects of Deforestation [8]

Answer 21

1. Reducing Biodiversity
   -disrupts food chains
2. Loss of Soil
   - no roots to secure soil
3. Flooding
   -roots no longer absorb water
4. Increased Co2 concentration in the atmosphere
   -global warming

Question 22

Effects of Climate Change (to biodiversity)

Answer 22

Organisms cannot adapt to change quick enough- extinct

Question 23

Effects of Habitat Destruction (to biodiversity)

Answer 23

Food chain destruction- fewer organisms can survive

Question 24

Effects of Hunting (to biodiversity)

Answer 24

Species can be hunted to extinction

Question 25

Effects of Overharvesting (to biodiversity)

Answer 25

overpopulation of a species- disruption of food chains

Question 26

Effects of Pollution (to biodiversity)

Answer 26

harmful things entering a food chain- bio magnify through food chain

Question 27

Effects of Introduced species (to biodiversity)

Answer 27

could be invasive- disrupt food chains and natives

Question 28

Describe Monitoring and Protecting endangered species (conservation methods) [4]

Answer 28

1. National Parks/ Nature reserves 2. Botanical gardens 3. Protected organisms in these areas 4. Restore habitats

Question 29

Describe Education (conservation methods) [2]

Answer 29

1. Raise public awareness 2. Raise funds

Question 30

Describe Captive breeding (conservation methods) [2]

Answer 30

1. Artificially breed endangered animals 2. Reintroduce animals to the wild

Question 31

Describe Seed Banks (conservation methods) [3]

Answer 31

1. Seeds collected from around the world + stored underground 2. Incase plants go extinct 3. Protects genetic diversity