B2 Flashcards
HSC (12 cards)
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what is predisposition
Predisposition is the possibility that you will develop a certain condition. A genetic predisposition means that you inherit that possibility from one or both of your biological parents
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genetic susceptibilty to diease
Incresed likelihood of getting a disease because of an individuals genetic makeup. Can lead to dieasese such as
- Cancer
- HBP
- Diabetes
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what is Chromosomal abnormalities and conditions caused by abnormality in indvidiaul chromosome
Chromosomal abnormalities happen when there are changes in chromosome structure or number during cell division. Unlike genetic predisposition, they are caused by random errors in replication, not directly inherited from parents.
Conditions cuased by an abnormality in an individuals chromosomes:
-Downs Synodrome
-Kinfelter syndrome
-Colour blindness
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what is a defective gene
A defective gene can be passed on form one or both of your parnets. the likelihood of devleoping a conditition depend on wether the defective gene is recessive or dominanat
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Dominanat Gene
Recessive Gene
Dominant genes:
Domiant gene only to be passed on by one parent one parent for the child to develop the conditon.
Eg brittle bone disease, hutingtons disease
Recesssive genes:
A recessive gene must be passed on form both parents for child to develop conditon.
Eg cystic fibrosis, PKU, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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Genetic diseases that affect developeemnt
- cystic fibrosis a disease that affects the lungs and digestive system
- Brittle bone disease may lead to frequent bone fractures this may then limit social interaction.
- Huntingtons disease affects gait ( walking distance)
- sickle cell can impact intellectual developement and can negatively impact on attendace at school.
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Biological factors that affect developement - pregnancy
- the environement inside a mothers womb can have a dramatic influence on a childs developmeent.
How does the environment inside a mother’s womb influence a child’s development?
Answer: Factors such as nutrition, exposure to toxins, maternal stress, and infections impact physical, cognitive, and emotional growth. Poor maternal nutrition may lead to low birth weight, while exposure to harmful substances like alcohol or drugs can cause developmental delays.
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Biological factors that affect development - effects of poor lifestyle choices in pregnancy
- low birth weight
- premature birth
- long term health problems
- leanring diablites
- developmeental delay
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what is Foetal alcohol syndrome and what are the physical nad intellectual symptoms?
Foetal alcohol syndrome caused by child being exposed to to much alcohol in the womb.
Physical Symptoms:
- low birth weight
- premature at birth
- facial abnormalities
Intellectual Symptoms:
- Learning difficulties (e.g., problems with memory, attention, and problem-solving)
- Neurological problems (e.g., poor coordination, delayed motor skills)
- Developmental delay (e.g., slower cognitive and emotional development)
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maternal infections and symptoms
maternal infections
infections such as rubella or cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be passed to baby in womb.
symptoms
- health problems
- congenital defects
- still birth
- miscarriage
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congenital abnormalities
- Congenital abnormalities are defects/abnormalities in a developing fetus.
- They (anomalies) can be detected before birth, at birth, or later in life depending on the condition.
- Some congenital defects can be prevented through proper maternal care, nutrition, and avoiding harmful substances like alcohol or drugs during pregnancy.
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Describe 2 genetic diseases that may impact an individuals developement?
- one genetic disease cystic fibrosis which affects the lungs and the digestive system.
- another is brittle bone disease which can cause frequent bone fractures. this may then limit social itneractions.
